Effects Of Contaminated Corn Producing F.graminearum On The Development Of The Uterus In Immature Sow And The Alleviating Effect Of Lactulose

Mycotoxin contamination of F.graminearum is widespread in grain feed,which has adverse effects on the growth and development of animals,especially the development of reproductive organs.The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of contaminated corn producing F.Rgraminearum on the development of the uterus in immature sow and the alleviating effect of lactulose.Effect of contaminated corn producing F.Rgraminearum on the development of the uterus in immature sow was investigated in experiment one.A total of 12 crossbred(Duroc×Landrace×Large white)weaner piglets with an average body weight of(7.23±0.9)kg were randomly assigned to 2 groups with 6 replicates per group and 1 piglet in each replicate.The 2 groups were as following:control group(a basalt diet),contaminated corn group with 0.4mg/kg DON and 0.55mg/kg ZEA in the feed.The preparation period was 4 days and formal experiment period was 26 days.At the end of the experiment,we would have an analysis of the oxidative stress index,morphological changes,changes in the degree of Caspase-3 activation on the uterus in immature sow.The results showed as follow:compared with the control group,the uterus weight and relative uterus weight in contaminated corn group were significantly increased(P<0.05).Compared with the control group,the activation of T-SOD,GSH-Px and SDH were significantly decreased and the the activation of CAT,NOS,Caspase-3 as well as the content of NO were significantly increased(P<0.05).The results shows that mycotoxins of DON and ZEA that were contained in contaminated corn could mediate the rise of the level of ROS and RNS,which could cause mitochondrial damage in the uterine tissues and increase the degree of apoptosis.All these would eventually lead to the oxidative stress damage of uterine tissue in immature sow.HE staining showed that the piglets in contaminated corn group showed obvious swelling of the uterus,enlarged uterine size,increasing thickness of the uterine muscle layer.In addition,shedding phenomenon was founded in the uterus of piglet in ontaminated corn group.There was no significant difference between the control group and the experimental group about the Hydrogen content in serum(P≥0.05).The uterus immunohistochemical studies showed that nNOS were strongly stained in the endometrial epithelial cells,endometrial gland and uterine muscular layer.nNOS were moderate expression in uterine stromal cells.iNOS were moderate expression the endometrial epithelial cells and endometrial gland,but the expression in the uterine muscle layer is weak,there is no expression in stromal cells.The alleviating effects of lactulose and hydrogen water on the uterus of immature sow were investigated in experiment two.A total of 12 crossbred(Duroc×Landrace×Large white)weaner piglets with an average body weight of(7.23±0.9)kg were randomly assigned to 2 groups with 6 replicates per group and 1 piglet in each replicate.The 2 groups were as following:lactulose group with 500mg/kg of body weight and hydrogen water group with 10ml/kg of body weight.Intragastric administration twice daily at 8:00 AM and 2:00 PM,We should adjust the dosage of gavage once a week according to the weight.At the end of the experiment,we would have an analysis of the oxidative stress index,morphological changes,changes in the degree of Caspase-3 activation on the uterus in immature sow.The results showed as follow:compared with the contaminated corm group,the uterus weight and relative uterus weight in lactulose group and hydrogen water group were significantly decreased(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference in relative uterus weight between lactulose group and hydrogen water group(P≥0.05).Compared with the contaminated corn group,the activation of T-SOD,GSH-Px and SDH were significantly increased and the the activation of CAT,NOS,Caspase-3 as well as the content of NO were significantly decreased(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference on the activation of CAT,SDH,NOS,as well as the content of NO and H2 between lactulose group and hydrogen water group(P≥0.05).compared with the hydrogen group,the activation of GSH-PX and T-SOD were significantly increased in lactulose group.HE staining showed that the swelling of the uterus had been alleviated in lactulose group and hydrogen water group,the thickness of the uterine muscle layer and endometrial hyperplasia also decreased.In conclusion,my study initially indicated that lactulose and hydrogen water can effectively alleviate the oxidative stress damage of uterine tissue in immature sow and lactulose showed a better effect.But the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways that lactulose and its produced hydrogen played a role of antioxidation on the uterus in immature sow remains unclear,which need further study.This helps to solve the adverse effects of contaminated feed on reproductive system of immature sow,which will improve the economic benefits of pig industry.