| Chinese herbal medicine additive plays an important role in anti-stress,antioxidation,and its active ingredients have significant effects on lipid metabolism.Previous studies indicated that Chinese herbal medicine alleviated heat stress response of beef cattle,and increased their growth and meat performance.The main purpose of this experiment is to study the effects of Chinese herbal medicine as feed additives on intramuscular fat deposition and lipid metabolism of beef cattle under hot environment.The study was divided into three experiments as follows.The first experiment: In order to study the effects of Chinese medicine additives on heat stress response of beef cattle under hot environment.Eighteen healthy and uncastrated22 month old Jinjiang yellow cattle with an initial weight of 435.30±16.26 kg were randomly divided into 3 groups and each group comprised 6 cattle.Cattle in control group were fed with basic diets,and Spleen-strengthen prescription(SS,1%)and clearing away heat prescription(CH,2%)were added to concentrate supplement diets of cattle in SS group and CH group.The test lasted for 60 days.(Results)The results showed as follows:The average temperature humidity index(THI)was above 72.Also,the body temperature and respiratory rate of SS and CH group were reduced on day 20 and 40 compared with control group(P<0.05).Compared with control group,the levels of blood total protein(TP),albumin(ALB),globulin(GLO),triglyceride(TG)and insulin(INS)and adiponectin(APN)with SS treatment were increased,but total cholesterol(TC)contents were decreased(P<0.05).Moreover,the levels of serum growth hormone(GH)and thyroid hormones(T3 and T4)with CH treatment were enhanced,but serum insulin(INS)contents were declined compared with control group,no difference was observed on other indexes between the CH treatment and control group.Moreover,the activities of serum total superoxide dismutase(T-SOD)and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)with SS treatment were enhanced,and the activities of T-SOD and the total antioxidant enzymes(T-AOC)with CH treatment were enhanced,but the contents of malonaldehyde(MDA)with two Chinese medicine treatments were declined compared with control group(P<0.05).(Conclusion)These results indicated that dietary supplementation of two Chinese medicine prescription alleviated heat stress response of beef cattle,but clearing away heat decoction by 1% improved the production performance.The second experiment: In order to study the effects of Chinese medicine additives on intramuscular fat deposition,three cows were randomly selected from the CH and control group at the end of the trial.The results showed that comparing with the control,the eye muscle area and tenderness of beef in CH group were increase(P>0.05)but the p H value was significantly declined(P<0.05).Also,the contents of monounsaturated fatty acid(C14:1,C16:1,C17:1,C18:1)of beef in CH group were higher than those of control(P>0.05).Furthermore,more fat droplets were observed under microscope in tangerine between muscles,when compared with control group.The results showed that dietary supplemental with Chinese herbal medicine improved meat quality,and enhanced inter-muscular fat content of beef under heat stress.The third experiment: To probe the regulation mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine preparation on the fat deposition in the bovine muscle,the activity of fat metabolism enzyme and gene expression of fat metabolism regulating factor were measured by realtime reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction(q RT-PCR).The results showed that the activity of acetyl-Co A carboxylase(ACC),fatty synthetase(FAS),and hormone sensitive lipase(HSL)in the subcutaneous fat of the CH group were decreased(P > 0.05).And also,compared with the control group,the gene expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α(PGC-1α)、 5-AMP activated protein kinase-α1(AMPKα1)、 peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ(PPARγ)and LPL in adipose tissue were increased(P<0.05).The results showed that Chinese medicine additive up-regulated the gene expression of fat metabolism regulating factors,and improved the fat deposition in the bovine muscle.In conclusion: dietary supplementation of Chinese herbal additives relieved the heat stress reaction of beef cattle,and Spleen-strengthen prescription improved growth performance of beef cattle,promoted the deposition of intramuscular fat under high temperature conditions,improve the flavor of beef;and up-regulated the m RNA expression of transcription factor. |
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