| With the global warming and the continuous development of the livestock and poultry farming industry,the replacement of high-quality green roughage with the relief of heat stress in livestock and poultry has become the main factor restricting the healthy breeding of livestock and poultry in the southern region.Therefore,the development of high-quality new roughage is of great significance to promote the healthy development of aquaculture and feed industry.Heal tea residue;consist of jelly grass,plumeria,honeysuckle,chrysanthemum,prunella,cloth slag leaves and licorice.The remaining residue after frying is rich in sugar,various trace elements and plant polyphenols and other chemicals.The effect of relieving heat and removing dampness and regenerating can be used as roughage for development and utilization.Therefore,In this paper,Simmental cross cattle are used as experimental animals to study the effect of microbial fermentation of herbal tea residues as a functional feed resource to reduce the heat stress of beef cattle in summer;The application of heal tea residue;as a roughage resource in beef cattle breeding and its effect on beef quality were initially proposed.It aims to provide theoretical basis and application reference for the development and utilization of heal tea residue;as a new type of high-quality green roughage.This thesis is divided into the following two experiments.The first part is to control the water by using oat hay and molasses as a carbon source to study the micro-storage process of compound bacteria that solves the problem of long-term storage of heal tea residue;and poor palatability;Choose 45 healthy Simmental crossbred cattle of similar weight and uniform body weight.According to the principle of similar body weight,it is divided into three groups,namely the control group,the 15% micro storage heal tea residue;replacement group and the 30% micro storage heal tea residue;replacement group.The pre-feeding period is 7 days,and the trial period is 33 days.The fattening beef cattle’s blood physiological and biochemical indicators,growth performance,and intestinal SCFA were measured to explore the effect of heal tea residue;as a functional feed resource to relieve the heat stress of summer beef cattle.The second part is to improve the micro-storage process of heal tea residue;by controlling the water content of the bran and replace 50% of the roughage in the basic diet of fattening cattle,120 healthy Simmental cows of similar weight and uniform body size were selected and randomly divided into two treatment groups,namely,a control group and a 50% herbal tea residue replacement group.Each treatment group had 60 heads and the pre-feeding period was 7 days.The trial period is 60 days.The slaughter performance,carcass and meat quality,muscle metabolism group,rumen fluid SCFA content and microbial flora diversity of beef cattle were measured.The effect of heal tea residue;as a functional roughage on fattening cattle growth and meat quality was studied.research shows:(1)Heal tea residue;mixed with oat hay and molasses,and after microbial fermentation of compound bacteria,the p H value is 3.86,the crude protein content on the basis of dry matter is 9.92%,and the contents of lactic acid,acetic acid and propionic acid are 1247.01 mmol / g,115.41 mmol / g,8.38 mmol / g.(2)During the experiment,the temperature and humidity index of the barn was between 79 <THI <84,which was in a state of moderate heat stress.The micro-storage heal tea residue;replacement group significantly improved the feed intake,average daily weight gain and feed-to-fat ratio of fattening cattle(P <0.05),Significantly reduce the respiratory frequency of fattening cattle at 15:00 and 22:00and the rectal temperature at 08:00 and 15:00(P <0.05).(3)Under heat stress,the micro-storage herbal tea residue replacement group significantly reduced the levels of HSP70,Cor and LDH in fattening bovine serum(P<0.05),and significantly increased the level of SOD(P <0.05);meanwhile,fattening bovine serum The level of intermediate immune factor Ig G was significantly increased(P <0.05),the levels of ALB and TP were significantly increased(P <0.05),and the levels of T-AOC and MDA were not significantly different from those of the control group(P> 0.05).(4)Compared with the control group,micro-stored heal tea residue;reduced the content of isovaleric acid in cow dung(P <0.05)and the 30% heal tea residue;group could significantly increase the content of acetic acid and isobutyric acid in fattening cow dung(P < 0.05),no significant effect on the levels of propionic acid,butyric acid and valeric acid.(5)50% micro-stored heal tea residue;substitution can improve the slaughter rate and net meat rate of fattening cattle(P <0.05),and has no significant effect on live weight,carcass weight,net meat weight and eye muscle area before slaughter(P>0.05)),After 45 minutes of slaughter,the p H of the muscles decreased significantly(P> 0.05);the brightness of the muscles increased(P> 0.05),there was no significant difference in redness and yellowness;the rate of muscle water loss,drip loss,cooking loss and shear The force decreased significantly(P <0.05).The moisture content of beef increased(P <0.05),and the crude ash content decreased(P <0.05).(6)The content of various amino acids in fattening beef in the 50% micro storage heal tea residue;group was not significantly different from that of the control group(P> 0.05);the content of essential fatty acids oleic acid and linoleic acid in muscle increased significantly(P <0.05),there is no obvious difference in the content of other fatty acids.(7)Ammonia nitrogen and propionic acid content and propionic acid / acetic acid value in rumen fluid of beef cattle in the 50% micro-storage heal tea residue;group increased significantly(P <0.05),it has no negative effect on the content of acetic acid,isobutyric acid,butyric acid,isovaleric acid and valeric acid.(8)Through non-targeted metabolomics analysis of beef cattle muscle tissue,it was found that heal tea residue;may affect the content of oleic acid and linoleic acid in beef through metabolic pathways such as cortisol and fatty acids,and ultimately improve the quality of beef.(9)The Shannon index,ACE index,Chao1 index and Simpson index of the bacterial flora of bovine rumen fluid in each treatment group were not significantly different(P> 0.05).The relative abundance of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria in the heal tea residue;group was found to be higher than that of the control group at the phylum and genus levels.(10)Micro-storage heal tea residue;can change the structure of microbial flora in the rumen fluid of the test cattle,and have no significant effect on the content of SFAS in the rumen of beef cattle,increase the content of linoleic acid,G6 P,DPA,DHA in muscles,improve meat quality.In summary,Micro-storage heal tea residue;can increase the feed intake and daily gain of fattening cattle under heat stress in summer,reduce the respiratory frequency and rectal temperature of fattening cattle,improve the expression level of heat stress related hormones in the blood,and improve the body’s immunity Strength,anti-oxidation,alleviate the heat stress response of summer fattening cattle.In addition,50% micro-storage herbal tea residue has a positive effect on the slaughter performance of fattening cattle,beef quality,and the abundance of beneficial bacteria in the rumen.The reason for the analysis may be to improve the meat quality by affecting the metabolic pathways of cortisol and fatty acids in muscle.It will be promoted and used as a functional roughage resource for fattening cattle. |
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