Anatomical And Histological Comparison Study On Main Organs Between ?1,3-Galactosyltransferase Gene-Deficient Cloned And Nuclear Donor Bama Miniature Pigs

In order to study anatomical and histological differences on main organs between ?1,3-galactosyltransferase(GGTA1)gene-deficient cloned pigs and nuclear donor Bama miniature pig,two ?1,3-galactosyl-transferase gene-deficient cloned pigs(BM164?BM155)and one healthy nuclear donor Bama miniature pig(BMM2)were used in this study.Gross anatomy method was used to observe the morphology of organs including heart?liver?spleen?lung and kidney,histological method was used to observe the structure of main organs including cerebral cortex?cerebellum?heart?skin?spleen?lymph gland?thyroid?adrenal gland?pituitary?esophagus?stomach?intestinal?liver?pancreas?salivary glands?lung?kidney?oviduct and womb.The results were as follows: 1.Anatomical comparison resultsThe heart of nuclear donor Bama pig was inverted conical,anterior border convexity and posterior border short and straight.The liver was reddish-brown,which can be divided into two sides,two edge and four leaves.The spleen was purple,sickle-shaped.The lung was pink spongy,soft and light.Nuclear donor Bama pig had a bean shaped multipapillate kidney.Compared with nuclear donor Bama pig,the heart?liver?lung?kidney and spleen of BM164 Bama pig showed no significant anatomical differences.But splenomegaly and congestion were found in spleen of BM155 Bama pig.2.Histological comparison results:Most structures of organs had no significant differences between nuclear donor Bama pig and GGTA1 gene knockout Bama cloned pigs,but there were still some divergences exist as follows:In immune system,the structure of the spleen in BM164 Bama miniature pig was complete which can be divided into white and red pulp clearly and a great deal of splenic nodule.But the spleen of BM155 Bama pig was abnormal,displaying unclear splenic nodule,spleen hemorrhage,eosinophils and neutrophils increased and intermittent reticular fibrous connection.In digestive system,the jejunum structure of BM164 Bama pig was not complete with thin intestinal wall and unclear mucosal layer,no muscle and serosa.It appears some varying degrees of structural changes in intestinal segments and pancreas.It was found that a large number of blood cells in BM155 Bama pig's mucosa or submucosa of duodenum,jejunum,cecum and colon.Colon was developed.Pancreas' s leaflets were divided into small pieces,interlobular septum was full of amount of adipose tissues.BM164 and BM155 Bama pig's rectal mucosa layer were thick better than nuclear donor Bama miniature pig's.In urinary system,the kidney structures of BM164 and BM155 Bama pig were complete,but in the glomeruli and renal tubules,there had a large number of blood cells,renal tubular epithelial cells were shedding necrosis.In other system organs including cerebral cortex?cerebellum?heart?skin?lymph gland?thyroid?adrenal gland?pituitary?esophagus?stomach?liver?salivary glands?lung?oviduct and womb were developed well.The results suggested that we can get the healthy cloned pig with normal tissues and organs by using genetic engineering and animal cloning technology,excepting to become a good platform or carrier for heterogeneous organ transplantation.But at the same time,some tissues have varying degrees of pathological changes,which may be related to individual differences and other factors,the specific mechanism will be study by further research and discussion.