| China is a large country for pig production,but the professional technology and management level of pig breeding is still relatively backward,especially the situation that the piglets infected with pathogenic Escherichia coli is particularly serious.With the intensive pig farms appear continuously,piglets diarrhoea has become a common disease,which can cause diarrhea of weaned piglets and Yellow and White Scour,and the economic losses caused was incalculable.Therefore,the prevention and treatment of piglet diarrhea is a problem to be solved urgently.Although antibiotics can effectively prevent and treat pathogenic bacteria in a certain extent,but with the longterm use,its disadvantages gradually emerged,such as the emergence of resistant strains of bacteria,the effect of antibiotics decreased gradually,and antibiotic residues in animal products which lead to the food safety issues and serious harm to human health.As a traditional medicinal resource,Chinese herbal medicine is famous for its ability to regulate and improve the physiological state of the body.In which Pulsatilla Pulvis or baitouwengtang have been reported to be used for treating livestock diarrhea caused by E.coli infection.This study intends to make it as alternatives to antibiotics added into the feed of prenatal sows or weaned pigs,to evaluate its effect of prevention for Yellow and White Scour and E.coli –induced diarrhea in weaning piglets.(1)The effect of Pulsatilla Pulvis on prevention for Yellow and White Scour in suckling piglets.To select a large scale pig farm with clear clinical background information in Zhoukou,in which in addition to dysentery caused by E.coli,no other pathogens such as classic swine fever,pseudorabies,and porcine epidemic diarrhea etc..Select 40 sows with the same parity and close perinatal,divided them into 4groups,ten of each group.In groups 1-3,0.5 %,1 %,and 1.5 % Pulsatilla Pulvis were added into the feeds during prenatal 3 days and postnatal 10 days,group 4 was the control group.In the same farm,immunization,feeding and management conditions and measures for prevention and control were same in all tested sows and whose piglets.The morbidity and mortality induced by Yellow and White Scour,and weaned weight were recorded,and the prevention effect of Pulsatilla Pulvis was evaluated,and the best dosage was obtained.The results showed that in the untreated control group the morbidity and mortality of pigs by Yellow and White Scour were 16.5 % and 8.3 %,respectively.While the groups with the diet mixed with Pulsatilla Pulvis had reduced morbidity and mortality.In groups 1-3(0.5 %,1 %,and 1.5 % Pulsatilla Pulvis,respectively),the morbidity rates were 6.2 %,1.9 % and 0 %,mortality rates were0.9 %,0 % and 0 %,respectively.Statistical analysis results show that significant or extremely significant differences of morbidity were found between the treatment groups and the control group in the incidence of dysentery(P < 0.05 or P < 0.01),which indicated that the maternal way of Pulsatilla Pulvis can effectively prevent the occurrence of Yellow and White Scour.In addition,the piglets from sows whose dietary was supplemented with Pulsatilla Pulvis had higher average weight at weaning than that from the untreated control group,there was significant correlation(P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).With the addition of Pulsatilla Pulvis in sow diets,gradually reduced morbidity and mortality induced by Yellow and White Scour was observed;morbidity rates of piglets in groups of 1 % and 1.5 % Pulsatilla Pulvis were 1.9 % and0%,and the mortality rates were 0.Piglets in group of 1.5 % Pulsatilla Pulvis have the highest average weaned weight.The above two indicators,for the prevention for Yellow and White Scour of piglets,optimum amount of Pulsatilla Pulvis in sow diets was 1.5 %.(2)The effect of Pulsatilla Pulvis on prevention for post-weaning diarrhea induced by Escherichia coli.A large scale pig farm in Zhoukou with clear clinical background information was selected.100 weaned piglets were randomly divided into5 groups,20 in each group with no significant difference in body weight,and similar total weight.In groups 1-3,0.5 %,1 %,and 1.5 % Pulsatilla Pulvis were added into the feeds of weaned pigs.The group 4 was chemical drug control group,in which florfenicol(New fluorine Luo)was supplemented with 2 g of pure drug per 100 kg diet,by the same usage as groups 1—3.The group 5 was blank control group,without adding any antibiotics.All pigs have same immunization,feeding and management measures.Diarrhea morbidity and mortality and average weight gain were recorded,and the effect of Pulsatilla Pulvis in the prevention of piglet diarrhea caused by E.coli was evaluated,and the best dosage was obtained.The results showed that groups supplemented with Pulsatilla Pulvis have reduced morbidity and mortality by E.coli diarrhea,and in untreated control group the incidence and mortality rates of piglets post-weaning diarrhea were 40 % and 5.0 %,respectively.The diarrhea incidence rates in groups 1-3(0.5 %,1 %,and 1.5 % Pulsatilla Pulvis)were reduced to 10 %,0 % and0 %,respectively;significant differences were found between the treatment groups andblank control group(P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).The average daily gains and feed meat ratios in the groups supplemented with Pulsatilla Pulvis were better than the untreated control group.The average daily gain increased by 17.1%-26.8%,and feed conversion ratio decreased by 4.9 %-6.6 %,and there was significant correlation(P < 0.05 or P <0.01).With the addition of Pulsatilla Pulvis in pig diets,gradually reduced morbidity and mortality induced by post-weaning diarrhea was observed;mortality rates of piglets in groups of 1% and 1.5 % Pulsatilla Pulvis were 0 %,as same as the control group with antibiotic;but the production performance of group 1.5 % in conservation period was slightly lower than that of group 1 %.Based on the above indexes,optimum amount of Pulsatilla Pulvis used in the nursery piglets was 1 %.(3)The application effect of Pulsatilla Pulvis in large scale pig farms.The morbidities and mortalities of E.coli-induced diarrhea in sucking piglets and weaned piglets,and pig production benefits of were investigated in 30 large-scale pig farms(no less than 100 sows)in Zhoukou area,before and after the use of Pulsatilla Pulvis.The results showed that adding Pulsatilla Pulvis in sow diet can significantly decreased the morbidity and mortality of piglets;the average morbidity rate decreased from17.5 % to 2.2 %,and the average mortality rate decreased from 5.4 % to 0.4 %.After gaving Pulsatilla Pulvis in diet of weaned piglets,the average morbidity of postweaning diarrhea in the nursery phase decreased from 11 % to 0.2 %,the average mortality rate decreased from 1.4 % to 0 %.In the nursery stage,before and after the application of Pulsatilla Pulvis,the average daily gain increased averagely by 8.9 %,and the average feed-meat ratio reduced by 2.8 %.Above results indicate that the add of Pulsatilla Pulvis into the sow feed can effectively reduce the morbidity and mortality of Yellow and White Scour,and the add of Pulsatilla Pulvis into the nursery piglet diets can effectively reduce the morbidity and mortality of diarrhea caused by E.coli in weaned piglets,which also can improve the production performance and benefit of the nursery stage.In conclusion,addition with Pulsatilla Pulvis in sow diets can effectively reduce the morbidity rates induced by Yellow and White Scour of the suckling piglets,and significantly improved weight at weaning.addition with Pulsatilla Pulvis in the feed of nursery pigs can also effectively prevent post-weaning diarrhea caused by E.coli,and increase the average daily gain and feed efficiency.The best concentrations of Pulsatilla Pulvis in sows and nursery piglets were 1.5 % and 1 %,respectively.This results in this study provide useful reference for the clinic application of PulsatillaPulvis. |
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