Effects Of The Combination Of Aspergillus Oryzae Culture And Yeast Culture On Ruminal Fermentation And Microbial Diversity Of Sheep

The study aimed to explore the effects of combination of Aspergillus oryzae culture(AOC)and yeast culture(YC)on rumen fermentation and microbial diversity of sheep by in vitro and in vivo,and make sure the exact combination of AOC and YC based on the concentrate-to-forage ratio of 3:7.The in vitro experiment was divided into 12 groups: control(group I),0.4%AOC(group II),1.5%YC(group III),0.2%AOC+0.5%YC(group I),0.2%AOC+1%YC(group V),0.2% AOC+1.5%YC(group VI),0.3%AOC+0.5%YC(group VII),0.3%AOC+1%YC(group VIII),0.3%AOC +1.5%YC(group IX),0.4%AOC+0.5%YC(group X),0.4% AOC+1%YC(group XI),0.4%AOC+1.5%YC(group XII).Each treatment had 6 replicates.The gas production,pH,NH3-N and VFA concentrations on 6h,12 h and 24 h were measured.The in vivo experiment was that 15 sheep were divided into 5 groups:Control group,0.4% AOC group,1.5% YC group,the best two groups of in vitro(group IX,XI).Each treatment had 3 replicates and the pH,NH3-N and VFA concentrations on 0h,0.5h,2h,4h,8h and 12 h were measured.The third experiment was divided into 5 groups.Each sheep rumen fluid were collected on 2h after feeding and rumen microbial diversity was measured using a high-throughput sequencing methods.The test results showed as follows:Chapter One Effects of Aspergillus oryzae Culture and Yeast Culture on Fermentation of Sheep in vitroAOC and YC reduced the gas production.Group X and XI significantly decreased the pH value(P<0.05);Group X,XI and IX significantly increased the concentrations of acetic acid,propionic acid and butyric acid(P<0.05).The complementary action of AOC and YC significantly influenced the gas production,pH value and VFA.Group XI(0.3%AOC+1.5%YC),X(0.4%AOC+0.5%YC)and XI(0.4%AOC+1%YC)decreased the gas production,pH value and increased the concentrations of acetic acid,propionic acid and butyric acid.According to the multiple-factors associative effects index(MFAEI),the group IX(0.3%AOC+1.5%YC)and XI(0.4%AOC +1%YC)are the better combinations of AOC and YC when compared with other groups.Chapter two Effects of Aspergillus oryzae Culture and Yeast Culture on Fermentation of Sheep RumenThere was no significant difference between AOC group and YC group,AOC group,YC group and control group,and the pH value in 0.4%AOC+1%YC group was lower than that in other groups the NH3-N concentration of 0.3%AOC+1.5%YC group was significantly decreased(P<0.05).Compared with AOC group,YC group and control group,the combination of AOC and YC groups significantly increased the concentration of acetic acid,propionic acid and TVFA(P<0.05),and 0.4%AOC+1%YC had better fermentation than other groups.Chapter three Effects of Aspergillus oryzae Culture and Yeast Culture on the Rumen microbial Diversity of SheepFrom the point of view of the door level,the addition of AOC and YC increased the microbial diversity and reduced the proteobacteria AOC and YC increased bacterias that producing acetic acid bacteria(Sphingomonas suens,Mycobacteriumceae strains,Porphyromonas,etc.),propionic acid producing bacteria(Listeria monocytogenes Genus,etc.),and butyric acid bacteria(Vibrio alginate,Vibrio butyrate,etc.).The beneficial bacteria was increased(Christe-nsenellaceae not cultivated bacteria),and the harmful bacteria was reduced(Pseudomonas,Enterobacteria)when supplied with AOC and YC.The group A(0.4% AOC + 1%YC)increaased the bacteria that producing acid.