Optimization Of Extraction Process Of Nicotine And Its Insecticidal Activity

Within the nicotine has a strong activity,stomach toxicity and tag toxicity,absorption of parasite acetylcholine receptor has a strong affinity,combined with parasites acetylcholine receptor competitive,acetylcholine cannot normal conduction,blocking nerve,suffocation death.Now found in plant protection domain,for the development of nicotine pesticides on aquatic application although has a long history,but there is no in-depth study.This paper focuses on nicotine this botanical insecticidal composition,explores the effective extraction mode,based on c.elegans explores the nicotine toxicity,explores the insecticidal effect of nicotine and its impact on the environment.1.In order to screen out the best extraction methods,the extraction efficiency of nicotine was studied by supercritical CO2 extraction,ultrasonic assisted extraction,microwave assisted extraction,enzyme assisted extraction and Soxhlet refraction.The most efficient is the supercritical CO2 extraction and enzyme-assisted extraction.And then from the perspective of economic value,the enzyme-assisted extraction method is more simple and less costly than the supercritical CO2 extraction method,which is more valuable from the economic point of view and is easy to be popularized in industrial production.2.With nicotine yield as the evaluation index,Design digestion time,enzyme solution temperature,pH and extraction time four factors three levels of the experimental model,adopt the Design Expert 8.0.6 analysis software to optimize the extraction conditions for nicotine.On the basis of single factor experiment,through the response surface analysis to optimize the extraction process for nicotine,and the regression equation is obtained.Test first examines the digestion time,enzyme solution temperature,enzyme dosage,p H,etc.4 groups of single factor levels of nicotine,the influence of the response surface experiment design,the results show that the influence factors of the influence degree of the nicotine yield size followed by an enzyme solution temperature,solution time,enzyme dosage,pH.Select the best extraction technology in combination with the actual for enzymolysis time 2.00 h,enzymolysis temperature 48.50 ?,2.10% enzyme dosage,pH 4.According to the optimized conditions for three sets of parallel test,with a mean of 3.320 mg/g,smaller difference between predicted value is.The process is stable and reliable,and provides a basis for industrialized production.3.Choose c.elegans as subjects in this chapter,select the longest life expectancy,cell apoptosis,individual development,reproduction and sport behavior,acetyl cholinesterase actiity as evaluation index,from the physiological,biochemical comparative study on the level of nicotine on the toxicity effect of c.elegans,the results show that nicotine exposure can cause the reduce of life,body length,exercise behavior,to reduce the defects,the reduction in the number of offspring,cell apoptosis level rights and also can inhibit the activity of acetylcholinesterase.In experimental concentrations,nicotine exposure of c.elegans level,body length,sports behavior and the life of a child can have a significant negative effect,show that low concentration of nicotine exposure can have developmental toxicity on c.elegans,neurobehavioral toxicity and reproductive toxicity.And suddenly and violently poisonous in L1 stage larvae of 72 h treatment compared with L4 stage larvae suddenly and violently poisonous 24 h's handling of a stronger influence on nematode physiological indicators.L4 stage of c.elegans larvae were suddenly and violently poisonous 24 h after treatment,the head oscillating frequency is one of the most sensitive physiological index,critical poison concentration in 0.5 mg/ml can have significant negative effect on c.elegans,and when the c.elegans after subacute suddenly and violently poisonous,reproductive capacity and head oscillating frequency more sensitive than other physiological indexes,also in critical toxic concentration of 0.5 mg/ml can significantly influence on c.elegans.In experimental concentrations,nicotine in c.elegans body fat brown pigment accumulation and ROS levels did not have a significant impact,shows that the experimental concentrations of BPA suddenly and violently poisonous and not through oxidative damage way have toxic effect on c.elegans;When suddenly and violently poisonous concentration of 0.25 mg/ml,c.elegans cell apoptosis level have significantly improved,compared with the blank group,L4 stage larvae suddenly and violently poisonous after 24 h c.elegans in nicotine concentration of 0.5 mg/ml,1 mg/ml is significantly reduced(p < 0.05),nicotine concentration is greater than 0.5 mg/ml will be very significant influence on nematode apoptosis level(p < 0.01),nicotine suddenly and violently poisonous effect on the physiological level may be related to the improvement of cell apoptosis.L1 stage larvae poison after 72 h c.elegans,exposed to the nicotine concentration of 1 mg/ml or produce acetyl cholinesterase activity decreased significantly(p < 0.05),nicotine concentration is greater than 1.5 mg/ml against acetyl cholinesterase actiity extremely significant effect(p < 0.01),shows that nicotine is mainly by inhibiting the acetyl cholinesterase actiity disrupt the nerve conduction,resulting in c.elegans show the movement behavior of defects.4.The nicotine to ring and little melon insect killing displacement effect significantly,after the nicotine use,the experimental group were significantly reduced,insect body in the role of the next day showed an inhibitory effect of parasites,6 ~ 7 d,the parasites showed good flooding effect.In the grid column algae and verdigris microcystin algae to measure the effect of nicotine on the water environment of non-target algae,found nicotine of algae growth inhibition.Reflected in the restraint of the algae on algal influence on protein content,to a certain extent,affect the algae composition of bile protein components to deter a patina of algal PS?loci,which present a certain inhibit the growth of algae.In conclusion,this paper first puts forward the enzyme auxiliary method of extracting nicotine from waste tobacco leaves,can be effective and economic effective insecticidal ingredient extracted from tobacco nicotine.Based on c.elegans again,from the physiological and biochemical level to evaluate the toxicity effect of nicotine,the final determination of its efficacy of parasites and the inhibition of algae,show that nicotine has a good control effect on parasite,has inhibitory effect on algae growth.