| The Ormosia henryi were listed as nationally protected species because it was precious timber,which had a high utilization value.The Ormosia henryi seedlings had an symbiotic nitrogen fixation functions,but the artificial planting of the year-old seedlings were less nodules,and the seedlings grew weakly,so the afforestation rate was low.Therefore,It was necessary to study the process on nodule formation and the influence factors on nodules of Ormosia henryi seedlings.In this paper,the Ormosia henryi seedlings of rhizobium inoculation test,the different inoculation methods and the inoculation test under different environmental conditions were carried out to observe the nodule formation process,the external nodules and anatomical change after the Ormosia henryi seedlings have been inoculated,effect on the quantity and quality of nodules and the seedlings growth,physiology and nitrogen fixation were researched under the treatment that inoculation way and environmental factors.Through nearly two years of research,The result is as flow:(1)It was found that the Ormosia henryi seedlings root and lateral root without root hair under the on the 5th day control which at the NF-liquid culture medium,The Ormosia henryi seedlings root were inoculated with few root hair,While there had a large number of root hair in the lateral root and the root hair bending obviously.It observed clearly that the position where rhizobia invaded the seedlings of the locust at the top of root hair.The diversification of the seedlings root were continuously observed,the seedlings root nucleus disappeared after on the 15 th day inoculated on the first side of the lateral root.With the inoculation time extension,it could just see the nodules through the naked eye,gradually becoming larger,until steady finally.The shape of nodules dominated by a sphere and the color gave yellow mostly.By observing the morphological anatomical results at the different stages about the development of the seedlings root,it found that the young nodules had only one group meristem,and then differentiated into nodules and developed into cuticle,cortex,vascular bundles and bacterial cells that fulled entirely cell structure.(2)Effect the Ormosia henryi seedlings nodulation,growth,physiology and nitrogen fixation were significant on the different inoculation ways(p <0.05).Effect the seedlings with nodules on the nodulation,growth,physiology and nitrogen fixation preformed higher than ck.under the water rhizobium inoculation treatment,the quantity and quality of nodules was high;the seedlings with nodules on the seedlings height,ground diameter,biomass,root form,chlorophyll content,nitrate reductase activity,nitrate content and root activity preformed best.The seedlings leaves about total nitrogen content,hemoglobin content,total nitrogen content and nitrogen fixation rate showed best,the inoculation by soaking root preformedrelatively better,however,that the seedlings relatively preformed poor were soak seed and the matrix mix with rhizobium liquid.(3)It was significant effect on inoculation of Ormosia henryi seedlings by different nitrogen concentration treatment(p <0.05).Among them,the quantity and quality of nodules was lower than without providing nitrogen concentration.It was not seen any nodules of seedlings when the nitrogen concentration provided 130 mol / L.The nutrient solution of nitrogen concentration between 26 mol / L ~ 78 mol / L could significantly promote the seedlings with nodules seedling on height and diameter,the biomass and root form all growth indexes,but there haven reduce when along with the nitrogen concentration increased.However,there were different effect on photosynthetic characteristics,physiological characteristics and nitrogen fixation along with the increase of nitrogen concentration,The net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate and water use efficiency of the seedlings with nodules were respectively 26mol/L,78mol/L,78mol/L;when the nitrogen concentration was supply26 mol / L ~ 78 mol / L,chlorophyll content,nitrate reductase activity,nitrate nitrogen content and root activity were significantly higher than those without supplying nitrogen concentration,But the seedlings with nodules on chlorophyll content,nitrate nitrogen content and root activity decreased under what conditions that the nitrogen concentration increasing.the total nitrogen content of the seedlings with nodules was increased by 78.23 ~ 103.69% when the nitrogen concentration supplied too much,but the content of hemoglobin decreased.The total nitrogen content of the inoculation plants treated with nitrogen concentration of 52 mol / L was the highest,which was 1.52 times without nitrogen concentration.In general,although nitrogen application affected the quantity and quality of nodules,proper nitrogen application could improve the physiological quality,enhance the effect of nitrogen fixation and promote seedlings growth.Nitrogen concentration between26 mol / L ~ 78 mol / L was appropriate.(4)It was significant effect on the quantity and quality of nodules under different pH.under the treatment on pH6.0,the seedlings with nodules on height,ground diameter,biomass,root,net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate,transpiration rate,chlorophyll content,nitrate nitrogen content and root activity performed best;The total nitrogen content,the hemoglobin content and the total nitrogen content of the seedlings with nodules expressed best.In contrast,the seedlings with nodulation,growth,photosynthesis,physiology and nitrogen fixation were showed poor on pH4.0treatment.so,the treatment on pH6.0 to seedlings vaccination effect was remarkable.(5)It was significant difference on the inoculation effect under light treatment(p<0.05).In what way that 75% light showed the quantity and quality of nodules;the seedlings with nodules of seedlings height,ground diameter,biomass,root form net photosynthetic rate,nitrate content,root activity,leaf total nitrogen content,fresh hemoglobin content and total nitrogen content were performed higher than others treatment;followed by light treatment at 100%.Along with the weak of light,the effect on seedling nodules,Physiology and nitrogen fixation reduced gradually.(6)It was obvious that the effect on the inoculation seedlings under the different moisture treatment.In what way that 60% matrix water content could improve thequantity and quality nodules,and the seedling with nodules of height,ground diameter,biomass,root form,net photosynthetic rate,water content,nitrate nitrogen content,root activity,total nitrogen content,fresh hemoglobin content and total nitrogen content were performed best;followed by the 40% matrix water content,the treatment under the 20% matrix water content or 80% matrix water content preformed relatively poor.Because when the matrix water content to the seedlings was too high or too low,it could Significantly effect on seedling nodulation,growth and nitrogen fixation.(7)It was significant effect on the inoculation under different temperature treatment(p <0.05).Among them,the quantity and quality of nodules was the highest at 25 ?,and the seedling with nodules height,ground diameter,biomass,root form,net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate,Water content,chlorophyll content,nitrate nitrogen content,root activity,leaf total nitrogen content,hemoglobin content and total nitrogen content preformed best;followed by 35 ? treatment.It was significant reduced on the seedlings nodulation,growth physiology and nitrogen fixation along with the temperature continuously stress.(8)Combined the inoculation way and the different ecological and environmental conditions,it was found that adopting the inoculation of watering rhizobium liquid,and the nitrogen concentration of 26 mol / L ~ 78 mol / L,the matrix pH 6.0,75% light treatment,60%Matrix water content and 25 ? all performed best to the seedlings nodulation,growth physiology and nitrogen fixation. |
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