Studies On Occurrence Characteristic,Insecticide Resistence And Integrated Prevention And Control Technology Of Codling Moth In Liaoning Province

The codling moth Cydia pomonella L.,a very important fruit pest,is widespread in the majority of apple and pear cultivated regions worldwide.Since Xuezu Zhang first reported the occurrence of this pest in Xinjiang of China in 1957,it has been distributed in overall situation of Xinjiang,most areas of Gansu province and local areas of Ningxia,Inner Mongolia and Heilongjiang province.In 2014,the pest was found to be distributed in local areas of Liaoning province,threatening the advantaged fruit production area of Liaoning province and the Bohai Bay.A large number of integrated control researches have been carried out at home and abroad,but the occurrence and regularity of this pest has large difference in different fruit areas,which used for reference difficultly.Therefore,in this study,the occurrence characteristic,mutation situation of resistance-correlated target genes and integrated prevention and control technologies of codling moth in Liaoning province were researched.Our results provide theoretical and reality direction for the integrated pest management of codling moth.The main research results are as follows:1.The occurrence characteristic of codling moth in Liaoning provinceAfter three consecutive years of monitoring codling moth in Zhangwu of Liaoning province,the occurrence regularity of codling moth was determined.The survey results indicated that codling moth occurred two generations a year in Zhangwu:the first generation was from mid-May to late-September,the overwintering generation was from mid-July to late-June of next year.From late-April to late-September,codling.moth adult has two occurrence peaks:the first time was late-May,the second time was from mid-July to late-July.Codling moth has two obvious fruit decay rate peaks:late-June to early-July and early-August.Larvae took off fruit to pupate from June,pupal period is 9.95±0.89 days.The larvae exhibit feeding preference order of zaosu pear>apple pear>nanguo pear.Mature larvae tended to fall to the ground and crawled up the tree trunk to pupate in proper position after they escaped from the fruit.2.Resistance-correlated target gene mutations detectionThe fragment of acetylcholine esterase(AChE)gene Cpacel containing number 399 residue and fragment of sodium channel gene containing number 1014 residue of four field populations from Liaoning province were PCR amplified and sequenced.Results indicated that there was no F399V mutation in AChE gene in all four field populations,but the L1014F substitution in sodium channel gene was found,suggesting that low level resistance to pyrethroids was probably evolved in four field populations of codling moth from Liaoning province.3.Studies on integrated prevention and control technologiesThe control efficiencies of agricultural and chemical insecticide control methods against codling moth were investigated.Results indicated that cleaning orchards could decrease the occurrence of codling moth significantly;trapping codling moth by setting artificial pupation site was an effective controlling measure;artificial pupation site by binding burlap bags had remarkable trapping efficiency to codling moth larva.Results also demonstrated that malathion-fenvalerate EC exhibited preferable fast-acting property,but poor persistent effect.