Study On The Floristic Composition And Distribution Patterns Of Medicinal Plants And Its Key Species Of Mount Everest Reserve

Based on plant ecology,numerical ecology and florology,the floristic composition and distribution patterns of medicinal plants in M.E.R was explained,55 species were filtered out by a rule as the key species and 9 kinds of environmental heterogeneity factors' influence on the distribution of key medicinal plants were stated all in this paper.Then,the exploitation status,threatening factors and the protection countermeasure was discussed.The floristic analysis,statistical analysis and GIS analysis were used as the measures,and the PC software behind this paper were OFFICE 2010,SPSS 19 and ArcGIS 10.1.A: The floristic compostion and feature of vascular plant was discussed.There are 23 species of medicinal pteridophytes in M.E.R,belonging to 16 genera and 16 families.While spermatophytes are 584 species,belonging to 329 genera and 94 families,including 10 species of gymnosperms,belonging to 5 genera and 4 families;574 species of angiosperms,belonging to 324 genera and 90 families.The data shown worldwide character of floristic of M.E.R on family level,of spermatophytes there are 38 families belongs to cosmopolitan,30 to pantropic and 26 to temperate type,and the proportion of local families num.are 40.43%,31.89% and 27.64%;while on the level of genus,the statistical result shown the temperate character.There are 37 genera belongs to cosmopolitan,94 to pantropic,197 to the type of temperate and one to endemic,and the proportion of local genera num.are 11.25%,28.57%,59.88% and 0.3%.B: The distribution of medicinal [lants and characteristics of R.E.R was discussed.The core regions of the distribution of medicinal plant are county Gyirong(363 sp.)and county Nyalam(340 species)by spatial analysis,the other area that county county Dinggye has 139 species and 116 of county Tingri.There have 286 species on 3200 m,due to the large relative area of south face of Mount Everest and the mountain acid brown soil type are fitted for most local medicinal plants to live in.The soil type,that,has more soil organic matters.The zone of vegetation and terrains on 3200 m are complicated that caused the high richness of plants of medicinal.C: There are 55 key species of medicinal plants in this area,belongs to 41 genera and 27 families.And the species richness shown up-down model due to altitude increasing.The life style of key species is based on herbs;the amounts are more than shrubs,trees and vines.D: The peak point of similarity of medicinal plants on different elevations are range from 2750 m to 3150 m and from 3150 m to 3550 m,while the valley point appear at 3150-4350 m.In M.E.R,the boundary of elevation of vegetational zones for forest and shrubbery is on the 4000 m,which is the lowest elevation of the north face area.The key species of medicinal plants in M.E.R shown uniformity pattern on gradient(±20).With gradient rising,the tendency showed increasing form.The core region comes at gradient 60-80°.While organic materials and inorganic nutrients are washing away by the rain,and at this area,geological disasters such as debris flow and landslide are tend to happen.