| With the gradual increase of the intensification of the livestock,in order to solve the bottleneck in the supply of fodder that restricts the development of the animal husbandry,the selection of suitable forage cultivation methods and breeding of livestock species is to promote the gradual establishment of a unified plan for food,agriculture and livestock,and farming and animal husbandry.The research was carried out in three aspects,namely the rapid determination of the ruminal degradability of the forage material,the comparison of different planting patterns of the alfalfa/corn-rye,and the performance of the whole plant corn silage fed with the Small Tail Han sheep and different combinations of hybrid sheep.The reliability of the proposed new method was verified in turn,and the suitable planting patterns for alfalfa,maize and ryegrass in Shandong Province and the fattening varieties of mutton sheep were screened out.Trial 1: Select feed ingredients commonly used by 18 sheep produced in Shandong,including 6 kinds of roughage,5 energy feeds,and 7 protein supplements.Ruminal mesh bags were used for rumen degradability tests to determine the dry matter of the feed.The effective degradation rate of protein and neutral detergent fiber was analyzed by the homologous paired T test and the difference between the new method and the traditional method.Trial 2: The alfalfa/corn-lumai 1 ryegrass was selected and divided into three treatments,which were planted in 5:2/5:3 row spacing,maize and Lumai 1 ryegrass for planting and cultivation.The proposed new method was used to determine the dry matter and nutrient yields of each treatment group,and the difference in significance was analyzed by one-way ANOVA.Trial 3: Four varieties of male lambs with similar body weight(27.6±1.7)kg,healthy and3-month-old weaned breast-milk were selected.There were four treatments according to four kinds of lambs ranging from Small-Tail Han(SH),“Dorper×Small-Tail Han” F1(DH),“Mongolia×Han” F1(MH)to “Dorper×Wadi” F1(DW).Each treatment had 30 lambs and 10 lambs were as a replication.Forage to concentrate ratio of TMR is 25:75.There was an adaptation period of 10 days followed by an experimental period of 80 days,measuring the growth performance and slaughtering performance,and the difference in significance was analyzed by one-way ANOVA.The main results are as follows:1.The test method has the characteristics of simplicity,convenience,rapidity,and high accuracy.The method proposed in the calculation of the effective degradation rate of feed ingredients in the rumen is no different from the results of the traditional nylon bag method(P>0.05).This research method is suitable for more technicians to operate.2.The intercropping system of alfalfa and corn-rye provided higher forage production performance with net increases of 9.52% and 34.81% in DM yield,42.13% and 16.74% in crude protein(CP)yield,25.94% and 69.99% in degradable DM yield,and 16.96% and5.50% in degradable CP yield than rotation and alfalfa sole cropping systems,respectively.In addition,the harvest mixture from intercropping system also had greater ‘a' fraction,‘b'fraction,‘c' values,and effective degradability(E value)of DM and CP than corn or rye hay harvested from rotation system.After 48-h exposure to rumen microbes,intercropping harvest materials were degraded to a higher extent than separately degraded crop stems from the sole system as indicated by visual microscopic examination with more tissues disappeared.3.There was a rising tendency on hybrid sheep DMI compared with SH(0.05<P<0.1).The average daily gain(ADG),feed conversion ratio(FCR),carcass weight,neat weight,dressing percentage,neat percentage and neat percentage expressed in relation to carcass weight of sheep in DH and DW were significantly higher than those in SH(P<0.05).In terms of economic benefits,there was no significant difference in feed cost of sheep among all groups(P>0.05).The net meat gain,meat production efficiency and economic profit of sheep in DH and DW were significantly higher than those in SH and MH(P<0.01).Therefore,The rumen degradation dynamic model of design of experiment research methods can be directly,quickly and accurately determine the composition such as feed composition of DM,CP,NDF content,and a determination of 9 kinds of feed rumen degradation rate effectively,increasing efficiency of the measurement.The intercropping of alfalfa and corn-rye exhibited a greater forage production potential,and could be applied as forage supply source for ruminants.The whole-plant corn silage was suitable as the main feed source of TMR used for fattening sheep,and all different breeds of sheep showed an expected production performance.DH and DW hybrid sheep were more suitable for fattening breed in Huang-Huai-Hai farming area. |
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