Studies On Intraspecific And Interspecific Hybridization And Hybrid Embryo Of Sweet Cherry

Cherry is one of the most popular and market potential fruits with bright color,good taste and abundant nutrients.Chinese cherry(Prunus pseudocerasus L.)and European sweet cherry(Prunus avium L.)are common cultivars in cherry production.Chinese cherry matures early,has high rate of self-fruitfulness and fruit setting and resistant to diseases and insect pests.European sweet cherry has the advantages of high sugar content,large fruit shape,thick flesh,and storage and transportation,which has dominated the Chinese cherry industry in recent years.In order to promote the development of cherry industry,it is very important to accelerate the breeding of cherry varieties.Hybridization between Chinese cherry including ‘Chaozaohong',‘Heizhenzhu',‘Gejiawu' and ‘Duanbing',and European sweet cherry including ‘Jangnanhong',‘Chaoyang',‘Changfeng 1',‘Van',‘04-8','04-11' and ‘Lapins' has been conducted in this study.Hybridization fruit setting rate,fruit quality and embryo status of hybrids were investigated and analysed.The results showed that:1.Cross pollination test which was carried out with selecting ‘Jangnanhong',‘Chaoyang' and ‘Changfeng 1' showed that there was a significant difference in the setting rate of cross combinations.Setting rate with ‘Chaoyang' as the female parent in hybrid combinations is highest,at 72.00%,followed by ‘Jangnanhong',setting rate with ‘Changfeng 1' as female parent lowest,which the setting rate with ‘Chaozaohong' as male parent was 0.00% after five weeks of pollination.The above results indicated that ‘Chaoyang' was the parent of higher hybrid setting rate,while the setting rate of other varieties was low.2.Fruit traits of different hybridization combinations were analyzed,and the results showed that fruits of different Hybridization combinations were distinct in shape,pericarp color and fruit soluble solids.Compared with the normal natural pollination fruits,the fruit was smaller,the soluble solid content is lower.The fruit shape and pericarp color of different hybridization fruit were similar to that of female parent.In all hybridization combinations,the fruit size and soluble solids content of the hybridization fruit with sweet cherries as the male parent were greater than that of Chinese cherries.The fruit shape index of hybridization fruit with ‘Jangnanhong',‘Chaoyang' and ‘Changfeng 1' as female parent tended to be 0.72,0.87 and 0.93 respectively.In the same male parent,the soluble solids content of ‘Changfeng 1' hybridization fruit were higher than that of ‘Jangnanhong' and ‘Chaoyang'.The hybridization combinations of the best fruit traits with the female parent of ‘Jangnanhong',‘Chaoyang' and ‘Changfeng 1' were ‘Jangnanhong' × ‘04-11',‘Chaoyang' × ‘Lapins' and ‘Changfeng' × ‘Lapins'.3.In this paper,the study showed that the rate of empty grain of cherry hybrid embryos and abortion rate was extremely high.Among them hybrid embryo rate with ‘Chaoyang' as the female parent was highest,at 100%,but the abortive rate was the highest.The second was ‘Changfeng 1'.Hybrid embryo rate with ‘Jiangnanhong' as female parent was the lowest.The experiment finally obtained the hybrid full embryos of ‘Jiangnanhong'בChaozaohong',‘Jiangnanhong'ב04-8',‘Jiangnanhong'בLapins',and ‘Changfeng' בVan'.The hybrid embryos of ‘Changfeng' בVan' had sprouted.