Genetic Diversity Of Germplasm And The Variation Analysis Of Quinoa

Quinoa(Chenopodium quinoa.Willd.)belongs to the maranthaceae,Chenopodium quinoa and an annual dicotyledon.Due to the characteristics of drought tolerance,salinity tolerance,comprehensive nutrition,and good planting benefits,Since the introduction of quinoa,the development has been unprecedented.The genetic diversity analysis of quinoa is essential for the collection,classification,identification,preservation and breeding of quinoa germplasm resources.The genetic diversity of quinoa germplasm resources was evaluated by morphological markers and SSR molecular markers in 114 quinoa resources collected.In addition,the variation rates of 6 quinoa varieties were analyzed and evaluated.The main research conclusions were as follows:1.The main results of genetic diversity :1)Morphological marker analysis:11 phenotypic traits including plant height,main ear diameter,spike length and effective panicle number,were investigated for morphological marker analysis.Cluster analysis results showed that when the distance is 10,114 were divided into 6 types of quinoa resources,with the same morphological traits of material was attributed to the corresponding group.We found that genetic information of the same geographical source material was different,the materials of different sources were togethered into a category,which showed that phenotypic traits of each material source was more abundant.2)Molecular marker analysis:The system optimization was optimized by randomly selected 32 resources,and the main influence factors including annealing temperature and the type of PCR program were optimized in the reaction system.A PCR optimum reaction procedure was established for the molecular marker of quinoa SSR,and the 46 pairs of primers with clear,repeatable and specificity were selected.The 46 pairs of primers amplified out 181 bands,165 polymorphic bands,with an average of 3.59 of each pair of allelic,an average 73.28 of the average polymorphic loci,and the polymorphic rate 64.36% > 50,which suggested the 46 of SSR primers could amplify the abundant genetic information.Cluster analysis found that when the similarity coefficient was 0.66,114 quinoa materials were grouped into 6 categories.The first group contains 92 different source of material,accounting for 80.7% of the total material,showed that different sources of germplasm have the certain genetic similarity.The germplasm in different regions has certain genetic similarity,and their mixed distribution also showed its wide variety of genetic characteristics.2.The main results of the analysis of the variation rate of quinoa variety(department):1)morphological investigation and analysis:The total variation rate of 10 traits,such as height,spike length and diameter of main panicle,was calculated,and he sum of the variation rate of Qingli 2 was the minimum.The main component analysis showed the highest score in the Qingli 2 indicated that the Qingli 2 had a better comprehensive performance in the seven numerical agronomic characters that participated in the analysis of principal components.Cluster analysis showed that the performance of Qingli 2,HX1 and nky-s4 was better.3)SSR molecular marker analysis:Each of the six materials was found separately,the genetic information similarity of Qingli 2,nky-s4 and HX1 is better than that of other varieties.The six materials were found together showed that the average genetic similarity coefficient of 126 plants was 0.675.When the genetic similarity coefficient was 0.79,126 plants were grouped into 14 categories.Among them,more than 70% of the plants in NKY-S4,green quinoa and HX1 were grouped into groups A,F and G,indicating that the similarity of genetic information in the NKY-S4,green quinoa 2 and HX1 materials was higher than that of other varieties.3.The comparison of genetic diversity of morphological markers and SSR molecular markers.The two kinds of labeling methods are different in the analytical methods,although the results had some differences,but,in general,the genetic diversity of 114 quinoa resources is better and Qingli 2 is neater.Part of the phenotypic traits of quinoa varieties(or lines)were still in the process of continuously variable,choosing suitable molecular markers can reveal the essential difference between its diversity,can be more accurate,more comprehensive description of quinoa plant genetic diversity and variation rate.