| Objective The study aims to investigate the nutritional status and health status of elderly outpatients with type 2 diabetes, and to investigate the effect of n-3 PUFA on metabolic variables in older Chinese adults with type 2 diabetes.Method Questionnaire survey, physical examination and blood test were administered in 170 elderly outpatients with type 2 diabetes from Diabetes Specialty Clinic in Guanlin Hospital, and dietary intakes were measured by food frequency questionnaire.The intervention study was a double-blinded randomized placebo-controlled trial,156 older Chinese adults with type 2 diabetes were included in the study based on inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria,and assigned to two groups of an intervention group or a control group. The participants received 4 fish oil capsules/d (620mg total n-3 PUFA/capsule), or 4 corn oil capsules/d for a period of 6 months. Physical examination and biochemical detection were administered in 3-month intervention period and 6-month intervention period respectively.Result(1) The overweight, obesity and central obesity rates were 50.0%,13.1% and 50.6%, respectively. The prevalence of dyslipidemia was 55.3%, less than 30% participants reached the treatment targets of fasting blood FBGcose, total cholesterol, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol.54.1% participants daily intake of salt exceed recommendation, and 58.8% for oil. Energy intake was basically reasonable, but energizing ratio of energy-yielding nutrients was unreasonable. Intakes of investigated nutrients were not satisfied Chinese Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs), except vitamin E and iron. (2)n-3 PUFA increased serum EPA and DHA level in intervention group. (3)After 3-month intervention, the triglyceride (TG) level decreased 3.13% (P?0.05 vs. placebo), high density lipoprotein (HDL) level increased 14.25%(P?0.05), and TG/HDL decreased 11.77% in intervention group. After 6-month intervention, the TG level decreased 12.1% (P<0.05 vs. placebo), HDL level increased 19.05% (P?0.05), and TG/HDL decreased 22.57% in intervention group.After 3-month intervention, the triglyceride (TG) level decreased 31.34% (P?0.05), high density lipoprotein (HDL) level increased 20.43% (P?0.05), and TG/HDL decreased 41.38% in hypertriglyceridemia subgroup. After 6-month intervention, the TG level decreased 33.38% (P?0.05), HDL level increased 21.91% (P?0.05), and TG/HDL decreased 44.19% in hypertriglyceridemia subgroup. (4)n-3 PUFA decreased FINS level significantly, and increased QUICKI moderately, but no statistical significance.n-3 PUFA decreased FBG level in intervention group compared with control group, but no statistical significance in hypertriglyceridemia subgroup. (5)n-3 PUFA decreased visceral fat level significantly compared with control group. n-3 PUFA decreased tatol body fat and body fat rate significantly in hypertriglyceridemia subgroup.Conclusion (1) The elderly outpatients with T2DM suffered from poor weight control and dyslipidemia. The dietary pattern of elderly outpatients with T2DM was unreasonable and nutrient intake was not satisfied DRIs. (2)Fish oil supplementation significantly increased serum EPA and DHA. n-3 PUFA decreased TG level of older Chinese adults with type 2 diabetes, and increased HDL level. The TG lowering and HDL raising effect were more apparent for hypertriglyceridemia patients. Fish oil can decrease the level of visceral fat and improve visceral obesity in elderly T2DM patients, and have effect of reducing fat on elderly T2DM patients combined hypertriglyceridemia. |
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