Study On The Air Pollution On The Morbidity And Pulmonary Function Of Primary School Students In Ji’nan

Objective:Epidemiological studies suggest that the prevalence of respiratory disease,the incidence of symptoms and the decrements of lung function of children have associations with air pollutants.In this study,Licheng district was selected as the implementation area to conduct the continues monitoring of air pollutants and primary school students’ health status,to assess the impact of the high level of air pollution on the prevalence of respiratory disease,the presence of symptoms and lung function of primary school students.The aim of this study is to explore the changing trends and characteristics of the health effects of primary school students in the case of severe air pollution and lay a foundation for the future research.At the same time,according to the results of the study,the study proposed the pertinent measures and suggestions to provide the basis for the health intervention and health management for low ages（children）to guide students and parents to complete positively protects and reduce health losses.Methods:The heavy polluted area in Jinan city,Licheng distinct（heavy industry and chemical enterprise area）was chosen as the implementation area of the study.One of the primary schools located within 2 km of the air quality monitoring station of LiCheng district-Baosheng cable monitoring station was selected as a research site to conduct the continues monitoring with the primary school students from grades three to five.The survey is voluntary participation with the respondents signed informed consent,and ultimately included in the researchers with a total number of 614.The repetitive measurement investigation was designed to assess the relationshipbetween the weekly diseases,symptoms and the air pollution in primary school students.The correlation between lung function and air pollution was assessed by prevalencel research design.The statues of weekly diseases and symptoms of primary school students were investigated with a self-designed questionnaire each Friday.The questionnaires were filled out and completed by both parents and students themselves.The survey was conducted from November 15 to December 26,2014,for a total of six weeks.A primary pulmonary function test was carried out at the beginning and end of the questionnaire.All the subjects were willing to participate in the questionnaire.Stratified cluster sampling was used to select one class from the third,the fourth and the fifth grade wiht the cumulative detection of 149 primary school students.Pulmonary function tests index included forced vital capacity（FVC）,forced expiratory volume in one second（FEV1）peak expiratory flow rate（PEF）,forced expiratory flow at 25%FVC（V25/PEF75）,force at 75%FVC Exhaled flow（V75/PEF25）.Results:The results of continuous monitoring showed that the prevalence of acute respiratory disease（common cold）,bronchitis/tonsillitis was the highest in respiratory diseases,and the symptoms of throat and nasal cavity were the highest,among which cough and runny nose is the main symptom.The increment of SO₂ will increase the risk of the prevalence of total disease,respiratory disease and common cold.In addition,PM₁0,SO₂ and NO₂ will also exacerbate the risk of allergic rhinitis;the increment of concentrations of PM₁0,SO₂ and NO₂ will increase the prevalence of total disease,region of throat（cough,sputum）and region of nasal（runny nose,nasal congestion,sneezing）.In addition,the increment of the level of SO₂ will also exacerbate the incidence of symptoms in the region of eye（eye pain,red,itching）;the concentration of CO and O₃ have no significant association with the prevalence of disease and the incidence of symptoms of primary school students.Pulmonary function test showed that the decrease of levels of PM₂.5 and NO₂ could lead to significant increase in FVC and FEV1 pulmonary function of primary school students.However,no significant associations were found between pulmonary function and pollutants levels.Conclusion:The increment of levels of PM₁0,SO₂ and NO₂ led to a significant increase in the prevalence of respiratory diseases and the incidence of symptoms in primary school students in Liancheng District,Jinan City.The incidence of SO₂ had the greatest impact on the prevalence of disease and the incidence of symptoms.It is inferred that primary school students may be more sensitive to PM₂.5,NO₂,especially SO₂,among the airborne particulates,and the adverse effects are more serious.In addition,the increment of air pollutant levels could lead to the reduction of lung function.The results of gender stratified analysis showed that the decrement of levels of PM₂.5 and NO₂ could significantly cause the increment of FVC and FEV1.The results of grades stratified analysis showed that the decrease of levels of PM₂.5 and NO₂ caused a significant increment in FVC,FEV1,and V75 in grade 3 students,whereas for grade 4 and 5 students,only FVC and V25 were significantly increased,separately.It is concluded that air pollutants have a more obvious influence on the health statues of the lower age groups.