Effects Of Maternal High Protein Diet During Pregnancy And Lactation On Fetal Growth And Metabolism In Mice

Objective In this study,ICR mice were fed with high-protein diet at different stages of early life(gestation / lactation),and the growth and metabolism of mice were observed by observing the intrauterine growth status of pregnant mice and the postnatal growth short-term and long-term effects of high protein diets on maternal intrauterine growth and metabolism and postnatal growth and metabolism of mothers at different stages(during pregnancy / lactation)and their mechanisms.For the growth and development of offspring and prevention and treatment of chronic diseases provide scientific experimental basis.Methods Animal experiment selected ICR healthy female mice,starting from 7weeks of age after one week adaptive feeding cage.ICR mice were randomly divided into two groups: the control group(C)and high protein group(H),the number of each group was only 16.After delivery: the groups were randomly divided into two groups again: the control group during the lactation period(CC),the control group during pregnancy lactation high protein group(CH),maternal high protein during lactation(HC)and the control group egg white in high lactation,high protein group(HH),each group number was 6.At the end of pregnancy,each to 4 pregnant rats with 10% chloral hydrate(0.3ml/kg)anesthesia were isolated from fetal and placental weight,placental weight and measurement of fetal rats,measurement of serum TG,TC and other biochemical indicators;after childbirth of pregnant rats were measured at the start of lactation from the first day,every three days.Until postnatal day eighteenth(PND18).At the fourteenth day of postnatal(PND14)part of the slaughter,milk contents were measured.Records offspring mice after the birth of the first day(PND1)to twenty-first days(PND21)in weight,twenty-first Gastrodia drunk mice were killed,collected samples of liver and kidney and serum,liver and kidney weight were recorded,measured fasting blood glucose index.Serum insulin was measured by radio immunoassay,serum TC and TG were measured by kit.The expression level of nutrient transporters genes in placenta tissue was detected by RT-PCR,and Western Blot method was used to detect the protein expression level of placental nutrient transporters.Results At late gestation,high protein group(P<0.01),maternal carcass insulin level(P<0.05),serum total cholesterol level(P<0.05)was significantly higher than control group;the serum triglyceride,average litter weight and blood glucose level was not statistically significant.No differences in gestational weight gain.Lactation female rats from the third day HC group was higher than the other three groups,this trend continued until the final lactation.The weight of HC and HH in the offspring of offspring was higher than that in CC and CH groups(P <0.05).The weight of HC and HH in female offspring was significantly higher than that in CC and CH group(P <0.05)higher than CH group(P <0.05);The weight of HH in male offspring was higher than that in CH group and CC group(P <0.05),HC group was higher than CC group,female offspring kidney weight HH group was higher than CC,CH group(P <0.05).The liver weight of female offspring was significantly higher than that of CC group(P <0.05).The weight of kidney in male offspring was higher than that in CC group(P <0.05).The weight of kidney in female offspring was higher than that in CC group.Serum insulin levels in the high protein group(H)were significantly higher than those in the control group(P <0.001).The serum TG level of the high protein group(H)was lower than that of the control group(P <0.05)TC level did not differ;The serum TG level of high protein group(H)fetal rats was higher than that of the control group(P <0.05).There was no difference in blood glucose,serum insulin and serum TC level.The level of serum TC in CC group was significantly higher than that in HC group and HH group(P<0.05).The level of serum TC in CC group was significantly higher than that in HC group and CH group(P <0.05)The level of serum TG in CC group and CC group was significantly higher than that in CH group(P <0.05).The serum TG level in CC group and HC group was significantly higher than that in CH group(P <0.05).RT-PCR results:High protein group(P=0.007),CD36 matrix than placenta high protein gene(P<0.001)and GLUT2(P=0.004)gene expression level was significantly increased,the expression level of CD36 and GLUT2 proteins were up-regulated by,but there was no statistical difference between the end of pregnancy;placenta tissue,Western-Blot showed that high cholesterol group placenta tissue GLUT2 protein expression was up-regulated,but without statistical significance.Conclusion The results of this study suggested that high protein diet during pregnancy and lactation mice resulted in offspring serum insulin,TG,TC and the change of the amount of lactation,resulting in offspring growth and metabolism disorder.At the same time,high protein diet during pregnancy caused the up regulation of placental nutrient transporters(CD36 and GLUT2),suggesting that high protein diet during pregnancy can affect the growth and metabolism the offspring by changing the placental fatty acid transporter.