| Objective: To observe the feasibility and security of doxorubicin-loaded gold nanoparticles (Dox-AuNPs) combined with transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) and photothermal ablation (PTA) in the treatment of rabbit VX-2 liver cancer. Materials and Methods: 40 New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into 5 groups, with 8 of each group. Group A: Dox-AuNPs combined with TAE and PTA; group B: Dox-AuNPs combined with TAE; group C: lipiodol and doxorubicin mixed suspension embolization;Group D: lipiodol embolization and group E: saline infusion. Rabbit VX-2 liver cancer models were established, and interventional procedures were performed after 14 days.Computed tomography (CT) were performed before and 3, 7, 14 days after interventional procedures to evaluate volume of tumors. Blood biochemistry were examed before and 3,7,14 days after procedures to evaluate liver and renal function. Random 4 rabbits of each group were executed and performed pathological and immunohistochemical examinations after 14 days of procedures. The other 4 rabbits of each group were fed continuesly until death. Overall survival (OS) after procedures were compared between groups. Results:Baseline levels before procedures were without significant statistical differences (P> 0.05)between groups. All experimental rabbits survived to 14 days after procedures with a 100%success rate of interventional procedures and without serious complications. The volume of tumors before procedures were 1.38±0.71,1.27±0.62, 1.52±0.86, 1.45±1.04, 1.35±0.48cm3,respectively; The volume of tumors 3 days after procedures were 1.35±0.69,1.30±1.02,1.48±1.21, 1.50±0.86, 1.40±0.76 cm3, respectively; The volume of tumors 7 days after procedures were 1.44±0,72, 2.85±2.03, 6.79±2.87, 6.18±3.21,7.38±3.36 cm3, respectively;The volume of tumors 14 days after procedures were 3.01±1.89, 4.34±2.32,8.86±3.49,9.02±4.38,18.7±10.7 cm3,respectively. Comparison between groups was statistically difference both 7 and 14 days after procedures (P<0.05). OS after procedures were 25.3±3.1, 21.5±3.4,20.3±4.7,20.5±3.4,17.0±2.7d,respectively. Comparison between groups was statistically difference (P < 0.05). Apoptosis rate of tumor cells under microscope were 3.55±1.11,2.04±1.76,1.76±1.70,1.60±0.92,0.27±0.29(%),respectively. Comparison between groups was statistically difference (P < 0.05).Microvessel density (MVD) observed in immunohistochemical (IHC) results were 1.8±0.7,3.2± 1.3,3.9±1.2,3.8±1 .6, 2.5±1.0,respectively. Comparison between groups was statistically difference (P< 0.05). Integrated optical density (IOD) of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) under microscope were 2942.1±649.3,5686.4±2393.1,8364.7±3979.1,7523.6±3584.6,20597.8±9058.0,respectively. Comparison between groups was statistically difference (P < 0.05). Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate transaminas (AST) were both without significant statistical differences (P> 0.05)between A, B, C, D groups and were with statistically differences (P<0.05) between A and E before and 3, 7, 14 days after procedures. Creatinine (CREA) and UREA were both without significant statistical differences (P>0.05) between groups before and 3, 7, 14 days after procedures. Conclusions: Dox-AuNPs combined with TAE and PTA could improve the efficiency of tumor treatment, comparing with Dox-AuNPs with TAE and the traditional TACE methods without additional hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity, which could be considered as an effective and safe method to treat liver cancer. |
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