| In Chinese Pharmacopoeia,there are the same effects between Hedysari Radix and Astragali Radix.Since ancient times,Hedysari Radix and Astragali Radix haven't been distinguished.In ancient herbal literature,Chishuiqi and Chisezhe,which under the item of Astragali Radix,were considered to Hedysari Radix in northwest of China.Hedysari Radix was listed one of the authentic Astragali Radix in 1977 and 1995 edition,but it was listed separately as a kind of traditional Chinese medicine in 1985,2005,2010 and 2015 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia.To explore the reasons about the change in Chinese Pharmacopoeia,Hedysari Radix and Astragali Radix of Gansu Province,the genuine producing area,were as the research objects.Each 28 batchesof 1-2 years Hedysari Radix and Astragali Radix were collected in Minxian,Weiyuan,Lixian,Longxi,Dangchang,Wudu area.The main active component contents of saponins,flavonoids and polysaccharides in the two kinds of medicinal herbs were compared and the fingerprints of saponins and flavonoids of them were established.The regularity of the main active components and fingerprints of each kind of medicinal herbs were analyzed.At the same time,the comparison of blood transitional components between Hedysari Radix and Astragali Radix was researched.All experimental data were collected and analyzed by T test,cluster analysis and principal component analysis.By contrasting and analysising of the results of comprehensive two herbs in vitro and in vivo activity components,both of their respective advantages was explored.The experimental results were as follows:1 Study on the contents of flavonoids,saponins and polysaccharide in Hedysari Radix and Astragali Radix1.1 Comparison of Astragaloside IV contentExperimental results:The results showed that the Astragaloside IV content of Astragali Radix was 0.0555 ?g/g,the Astragaloside IV content of Hedysari Radix was 37.9 ?g/g.The Astragaloside IV content of Astragali Radix was 682 times of that of Hedysari Radix.The Astragaloside IV content of Hedysari Radix was very little,there is no meaning to determinate the content.1.2 Determination of total flavonoids,total saponins and total polysaccharidesExperimental results:The contents of total flavonoids and total saponins in 1-2 year old Hedysari Radix were lower than that in Astragali Radix of Gansu province.The content of total flavonoids and total saponins in the 2 year old Hedysari Radix was Wudu>Tanchang,but the content of total flavonoids and total saponins in the 2 year old Astragali Radix was Wudu>Tanchang.The content of total saponins and total flavonoids of the two herbs were 1 year old lower than 2 years old.Usually the medicinal herbs of Hedysari Radix and Astragali Radix are collected with 2-year-old,so from the saponin effect analysis,Astragali Radix had more advantages than Hedysari Radix.The total Hedysari Radix polysaccharide content of 1 year old was higher than that of Astragali Radix.The total Astragali Radix polysaccharide content of 2 years old was higher than that of Hedysari Radix.Hedysari Radix and Astragali Radix of 1-2 years old in Tanchang were better.1 year old of Astragali Radix in Longxi,Minxian was better,and 2 years old of Hedysari Radix in Wudu was better.The total Hedysari Radix polysaccharide content of 1 year old was higher than that of 2 years old.The total Astragali Radix polysaccharide content of 2 years old was higher than that of 1 year old.From the total polysaccharide content analysis,1-year-old Hedysari Radix total polysaccharide content is highest,relative to Astragali Radix.1-year-old Hedysari Radix had more advantages in the choice of polysaccharide efficacy.1.3 Determination of 4 kinds of isoflavonesExperimental results:The contents of 1-2 year old Hedysari Radix formononetin were higher than that of Astragali Radix,and calycosin,campanulin,ononin,calycosin and 4 kinds of total isoflavone content were lower than that of Astragali Radix.1-2 years old in Wudu Hedysari Radix optimal Astragali Radix in Tanchang optimal.The sum of 4 kinds isoflavones of Hedysari and Astragalus Radix content was higher than that of 1-2 years.1 year old of Hedysari Radix in Wudu was the best.1 year old of Astragali Radix in Tanchang was optimal.The analysis of the contents of four major isoflavones showed that the content of formononetin in Hedysari Radix(?)was 3.9-6.2 times(1-2 years of data)than that of Astragalus Radix.Therefore,Hedysari Radix has more advantages on the pharmacological activity of formononetin.The content of Myrone isoflavones,Cornonase,Flambei isoflavones and 4kinds isoflavones in Astragalus Radix were higher than that of Hedysari Radix.especially the content of Myrone isoflavones was 35.8-64.8 times(1-2 years of data)than that of Hedysari Radix,Therefore,Astragalus Radix has more advantages on the pharmacological activity of Myrone isoflavones.1.4 Statistical analysisBy cluster analysis and principal component analysis,the total flavonoids,saponins,polysaccharide,the content of campanulin,ononin,calycosin,formononetin,and the sum content of 4 isoflavones in Hedysari Radix and Astragali Radix of Gansu province were analyzed comprehensively.It found that there were significant differences between the two herbs.According to cluster analysis,Hedysari Radix and Astragali Radix were divided into two categories,illustrating that the quality of themwas different.By principal component analysis,Hedysari Radix had more advantages then Hedysari Radix.On the whole,2 year old Hedysari Radix and Astragali Radix were better than 1 year old samples.The quality of Hedysari Radix was better in Wudu,and Astragali Radix was better in Tanchang of Gansu province.Comprehensive analysis of the results of the content,the Hedysari Radix and Astragali Radix were completely separated.Astragali Radix had more advantages than Hedysari Radix on main active ingredient content.2 Study on fingerprint of Hedysari Radix and Astragali Radix2.1 To observe the main fingerprint of flavonoidsThe flavonoids fingerprint showed 19 common peaks in 1-2 years old Hedysari Radix,and 14 common peaks in Astragali Radix of 1-2 years old.Astragali Radix and Hedysari Radix of 1 year old had 9 peaks,and Astragali Radix and Hedysari Radix of 2 years old had 8 common peaks.Among them,the known common peaks were the calycosin glycoside,calycosin,ononin,formonone.From 1 years to 2 years,the total number of flavonoids in Hedysari Radix and Astragali Radix decreased,but the 4 main flavonoids unchanged.1 year old Hedysari Radix and Astragali Radix respectively with the control map average similarity were 68%and 92.4%;2 years of Hedysari Radix and Astragali Radix respectively with the control map average similarity were 77.4%and 79.1%.1 year old Hedysari Radix and Astragali Radix similarity were 53.4%,2 years old Hedysari Radix and Astragali Radix similarity were 49.0%.Astragali Radix from Gansu different habitats were smaller,but Hedysari Radix were relatively large differences.From 1 to 2 years,the similarity of Astragalus Radix increased,the similarity of Hedysari Radix decreased.The flavonoids fingerprint showd that Hedysari Radix and Astragali Radix materialfoundation in the same chromatographic conditions,this may be a function of embodiment of the same,but it also showd that Hedysari Radix and Astragali Radix had the same material base under the chromatographic conditions.This may be a manifestation of the same effect.The two should be two varieties,because their similarity was only about 50%.2.2 To observe the main fingerprint of saponinsThe saponins fingerprint showed 8 common peaks in 1 year old Hedysari Radix,and 7 common peaks in 2 years old.There were 25 common peaks in Astragali Radix of 1 year old,and 17 common peaks of 2 years old.Astragali Radix and Hedysari Radix of 1 year old had 4 peaks,and 2 years old had 4 common peaks.All of them were known as calycosin glycoside,ononin,Astragalus saponin ?,Astragalus saponin?.From 1 years to 2 years,the total types and numbers of saponins in Hedysari Radix and Astragali Radix unchanged,and the 2 main saponins asol unchanged.The two had the same points and different points.1 year old Hedysari Radix and Astragali Radix respectively with the control map average similarity were 15.7%and 70.0%;2 years of Hedysari Radix and Astragali Radix respectively with the control map average similarity were 15.4%and 60.0%.1 year old Hedysari Radix and Astragali Radix similarity was 3.2%,2 years old Hedysari Radix and Astragali Radix similarity was 2.3%.Astragali Radix from Gansu different habitats were smaller,but Hedysari Radix were relatively large differences.From 1 to 2 years,the similarity of Astragalus Radix and the similarity of Hedysari Radix all decreased.The saponins fingerprint showd that Hedysari Radix andAstragali Radix materialfoundation in the same chromatographic conditions,this may be a function of embodiment of the same,but it also showd that Hedysari Radix and Astragali Radix had the same material base under the chromatographic conditions.This may be a manifestation of the same effect.The two should be two varieties,because their similarity was only about 3%.3 Study on the constituents absorbed into blood of Hedysari Radix and Astragali RadixExperimental results:There was a big difference in the components absorbed into blood of Hedysari Radix and Astragali Radix,at most 8 constituents absorbed into blood in Hedysari Radix and 13 constituents in Astragali Radix.4 constituents were common,but the majority components content were different.Dose the same dose,Astragali Radix may have some advantages.This conclusion provide a certain scientific basis for ranking the Hedysari Radix and Astragali Radix as two varieties in Chinese Pharmacopoeia.4 ConclusionsIn summary,based on the pharmacodynamic material basis of Hedysari Radix and Astragali Radix,the differences of them in 3 kinds of ingredients,4 active constituents of isoflavone,2 fingerprints and the constituents absorbed into blood were compared.By cluster analysis and principal component analysis,it found that there were significant differences between the two herbs.Although they had some same ingredients and some similarities in the fingerprints,the content of Astragaloside? in Hedysari Radix was only 1/682 of Hedysari Radix,and the efficacy of Astragaloside ? in both of them would different.The comprehensive evaluation showed that there were significant differences in the contents of 3 major component composition content and 4 kinds of isoflavones in the two herbs.Astragali Radix had a certain advantage on quality relative to the Hedysari Radix.But the Hedysari Radix in some active ingredient content(formononetin,total polysaccharide)had more advantages.2 years old Hedysari Radix and Astragali Radix was better than 1 year old samples.The quality of Hedysari Radix was better in Wudu,and Astragali Radix was better in Tanchang of Gansu province.Hedysari Radix and Astragali Radix may have a certain similar activity,but may be more different activity.Dose the same dose,Astragali Radix may have some advantages.The results of this study suggest that,according to the active ingredients play a different pharmacological effects,We can use Hedysari Radix and Astragali Radix with Targeted choice.The study provide a certain scientific basis for listing Hedysari Radix and Astragali Radix as two varieties,and laid a foundation for the follow-up study of pharmacodynamics of the two herbs. |
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