| Ethnopharmacology: Farfarae Flos,is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of cough,bronchitis,and asthmatic disorders.European countries use leaf to replace flower bud for similar effect.From the point of medicinal resources,the leaf has the advantage of high yield and easy recovery.The Chinese medicine has complex scientific connotation,main characteristics of clinical medicine is medicine made of two or more."Materia medica variorum","Daughter" volume eighteen,"Tai Sheng Hui Fang" volume eighty-three,"the imperial medicine hospital" volume five have recorded that Farfarae Flos,Radix Asteris should be used together.In this study,we study whether leaf of Farfarae Flos can be used as a medicine,and the difference between formula with flower and leaf.There is no systemically study in these aspects.Objects: To explore the coltsfoot flower,leaf and Radix Asteris in toxicity,chemical composition,metabolic differences,comprehensive comparison,lay a foundation for rational utilization of coltsfoot leaf resources.Methods: In this paper,we used the mouse experiment and the zebra fish experiment to compare the toxicity of the winter flower and the leaf mixture.The biochemical indexes,pathological sections and nuclear magnetic metabolomics were used to find the lesion site and related metabolites.The high resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)was used to study the effects of target and non-target binding on compound identification,multivariate and univariate integral methods.The chemical constituents of the serum contained in the serum of the rats were analyzed by high-resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry,and the differences between the two drugs were analyzed by semi-quantitative analysis of the tested drugs and their metabolites.Results:(1)Comparison of the toxicity of Farfarae Flos flowers and leaves.Pathological sections and biochemical markers showed that the liver of the mice in the administration group had obvious lesions.Blood and liver metabolomics analysisidentified 15 toxicity-related biomarkers,involving amino acids,lipid,purine metabolic abnormalities,energy metabolism imbalance And oxidative damage and other pathological processes.The levels of 3-HB,alanine,acetoacetate,and lactic acid,acetate and xanthine in the liver were measured in the blood of the rats after the administration of the compound,given the changes in the endogenous metabolites detected by this study The changes of metabolites were greater,and the changes of valine,lipid,glutamic acid,glycerol and succinic acid and scylla-inositol in the blood were more.In view of the changes in these metabolites,the effects of the high dose on the toxicity of the flowers and leaves were different,but there was no significant difference in toxicity intensity.The zebrafish had no liver toxicity at the concentration of 0.5 mg/mL,and at the concentration of 1.0 mg/mL,all samples caused the zebrafish liver fluorescence.But the difference was not significant between the samples.However,at the concentration of 1.5 mg/m L,the fluorescence area of??the zebrafish was reduced by the amount of the winter leaves,but the ALT,AST and the blank There was no significant difference between the control group and the control group.Therefore,the amount of winter flowers,leaves,flowers compatibility Avention,leaf compatibility Aster scattered in the drug concentration is high,showed liver toxicity,but there was no significant difference between the groups.Urine protein test showed that the four samples did not affect the zebrafish kidney toxicity.(2)Comparative Study on Chemical Components of Farfarae Flos and Leaves of.Compared with the previous research,liquid chromatography technology can detect the secondary metabolites of winter.This study uses the target and non-target combination of the identification strategy,combined with the literature,standard product comparison and software identification and database association,greatly improving the efficiency of identification.A total of 43 species of winter in the identification of chemical composition.The results showed that the content of sesquiterpenoids in the flower was much higher than that in the leaves.The content of the flavonoids and quercetin in the winter and the leaves were close to that of the rutin The contents of chlorphenols,chlorogenic acid and chlorogenic acid in leaves werehigher than those in flowers,which was consistent with the previous results.(3)The chemical constituents of the water extract of Auranthus australis and Leaves were analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).A total of 39 compounds were identified.The compounds with high content of Flavonoids were flavonoids rutin,kaempferol(7'-Ethyl-cis-crotonoyloxy)-1?-(2'-methylbutyryloxy)-3(14)-dehydro-E-notonipetranone),other substances such as valine,Malic acid,etc.;leaves compatibility Aster powder in the phenylpropanoid substances chlorogenic acid,chlorogenic acid,new chlorogenic acid,different chlorogenic acid B,different chlorogenic acid C,different ferulic acid,ferulic acid slightly higher In the complex,flavonoids hyperoside,quercetin,kaempferol-3-rutone glycoside,kaempferol-3-O-glucoside,alkaloid kidney-shaped thousands of miles of alkali,Which was significantly higher than that of the flower.The other compounds such as adenosine and phenylalanine were higher in the leaves.(4)The use of liquid chromatography technology to detect the chemical composition of the body,the first to do a full scan,and then do bulk scan.Chlorogenic acid,caffeic acid,dihydrocaffeic acid glucuronate,caffeic acid sulfate,quercetin-glc-SO3 product were detected at 15 min.The content of caffeic acid was similar in the two groups,and the other three species were in the high content of the leaves.At60 min,it was detected that the amount of the kidney was thousands of miles,and the Astertarone B-SO3 product was found.The contents of arctenone-hydroxy compound were similar in the two groups,and the two alkaloids were in the leaves of the leaves.The content of the mixture was higher than that of the in vitro test.Conclusion:Through comparing the results of toxicology,chemical components,and drug metabolism on two kinds of Ziwansan,which were prepared by FF and FL,on one hand,we can found the difference on the chemical components of Fufang,the others,there were significant difference on pharmacodynamic effect and toxicity.Furtherly suggesting the metabolites in vivo may be similarity.Preliminary results of pharmacokinetics show that the metabolites of flavonoids,phenylpropanoids and terpenes were found in FF and FL.Thus,those comprehensive comparisonwere of great significance to the resource utilization of FL. |
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