| Tubal obstruction,which take about 30%-40% of infertility,is the main factor leading to female infertility.Treatment of tubal obstruction,includes fluid test,X-ray imaging,endoscopic exploration,surgery is the main treatment,they lack of the aspects of safe,noninvasive and accuracy.In recent years,uterine fallopian tube ultrasound angiography,can clearly show the morphological structure of the fallopian tube,with safe,noninvasive,high accuracy and good repeatability,but it can only be used for imaging and diagnosis.There is an urgent need for a natural,safe,noninvasive techniques,which detect,diagnosis and treatment tubal obstruction with ultrasound.In this paper,cross-linked dodecafluoropentane-chitosan microbubbles and dodecafluoropentane-chitosan microbubbles were prepared by emulsion cross-linking and emulsification.A new type of ultrasound microbubbles with dual function of angiography diagnosis and treatment was obtained,which could be used in the noninvasive ultrasound diagnosis and treatment of fallopian tubes.The microbubbles were prepared by emulsion cross-linking method and emulsification method.The microbubble size was used as the evaluation index of the optimized preparation process.The single factor experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of water and oil,crosslinking time,stirring time and stirring speed on micro-Diameter effect.On the basis of considering the single factor experiment,the effective factors were selected as the parameters of the response experiment of the microbubbles,and the best technological scheme for preparing microbubbles was obtained.The microbubbles were characterized by laser scattering particle size analyzer,surface potential meter(Zeta potential),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,thermal analyzer,B-mode ultrasound system,inverted microscope and field emission scanning electron microscopy(SEM)The in vitro swelling properties of the ultrasonic microbubbles were analyzed.Cross-linked chitosan ultrasonic microbubbles experimental results are as follows: through the microbubble single factor experiments and microbubble response surface,the best process of preparation of cross-linked chitosan ultrasonic microbubbles includes: water/oil ratio is 1:20,Crosslinking time is 3h,stirring speed is 180 r / min.The microbubbles particle size were 503.4nm,comparing with response surface experiment predicted microbubbles particle size,were 12.09% lower than the predicted microbubbles.The average particle size was 503.4nm,and the particle size was normal distribution.The Zeta potential of the microbubbles was 9.27 mV,and the microbubbles were easily agglomerated to the lesion;(C = N)Groups appeared in the Fourier transform infrared spectrum of microbubbles,indicated that the amino groups of chitosan and glutaraldehyde occurred Schiff base reaction;Differential scanning calorimetry indicated that the combination of microbubbles and dodecafluoropentane was physically wrapped,and the activity of dodecafluoropentane was not changed.The microbubbles were oberserved clearly imaged in B-mode ultrasound system.We used inverted microscope oberserving microbubble,the morphology of microbubble was round and the microbubbles were filled with dodecafluoropentan gas;Scanning electron microscopy observed microbubble,microbubble was round and uniform size.Chitosan ultrasound microbubbles experimental results are as follows: through the microbubble single factor experiments and microbubble response surface,the best process of preparation of chitosan ultrasonic microbubbles includes : oil / water ratio is 1:5,the stirring time was 30 min,stirring speed is 180 r / min.The microbubbles particle size were 541.2nm,comparing with response surface experiment predicted microbubbles particle size,were 1.51% lower than the predicted microbubbles.The average particle size was 541.2nm,and the particle size was normal distribution.The Zeta potential of the microbubbles was 71.5mV and the microbubbles were easily dispersed in the lesion;Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of the chitosan and microbubbles was consistent,indicating that the preparation of microbubbles did not occur chemical reaction.Differential scanning calorimetry indicated that the combination of microbubbles and dodecafluoropentane was physically wrapped,and the activity of dodecafluoropentane was not changed.The microbubbles were oberserved clearly imaged in B-mode ultrasound system.We used inverted microscope oberserving microbubble,the morphology of microbubble was round and the microbubbles were filled with dodecafluoropentan gas;Three-dimensional microscope oberserving microbubble,the morphology of microbubble was round and the microbubbles were filled with dodecafluoropentan gas.The swelling test showed that the swelling degree of chitosan ultrasonic microbubbles was 133%-158% in aqueous solution,and the swelling degree of cross-linked chitosan ultrasonic microbubbles in aqueous solution was 44%-57%.Chitosan ultrasonic microbubble swelling acceleration is 5.11 to 15.74 times than the cross-linked chitosan ultrasound microbubbles,indicating that chitosan ultrasound microbubbles are expected to be treated to clear the tubal blockage.Chitosan ultrasonic microbubbles have a simple preparation process,clear B-ultrasonography,large swelling rate of microbubbles and the swelling acceleration compared with cross-linked chitosan microbubbles.Traditional ultrasound microbubbles are only diagnostic efficacy,Chitosan ultrasound microbubbles was using two different preparation methods,not only has a diagnostic effect,but also has a biological swelling effect.Chitosan ultrasound microbubbles are relatively simple in the preparation process,clear in B ultrasound imaging,high in swelling rate of microbubbles and swelling acceleration,the cavitation effect and bioabsorbling effect of chitosan ultrasound microbubbles are expected to be applied to the treatment of tubal clogging.We created a natural,safe,noninvasive detection,diagnosis and treatment of tubal obstruction of ultrasound diagnosis and treatment technology. |
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