Systematic Study And Application On Analytical Method Of Harmful Exogenous Substances Aflatoxins And Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons In Traditional Chinese Medicines

Traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs)with long history are use huge.It is very complicated to establish the detection method of aflatoxins(AFs)and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)for all kinds of TCMs one by one.Based on matrix types and medicinal parts respectively,this paper systematically studied the analysis methods for the detection of AFs and PAHs in TCMs,classification analysis method is established in TCMs of AFs and PAHs,in order to improve the quality of TCMs detection efficiency,save the cost of sample treatment.The classification method is applied in Rhizoma Coptidis.Specific research work is as follows:1.Analysis of aflatoxins in traditional Chinese medicines:Classification of analytical method on the basis of matrix variationsA classification system for analytical methods was developed for the first time to determine the presence of aflatoxins B1,B2,G1 and G2 inTCMs based on different matrix types using ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS).A useful characteristic of the approach was that the TCMs could be systematically divided into four categories(i.e.,volatile oils,proteins,polysaccharides and fatty oils)depending on the matrix types.The approach concluded that different types of TCMs required different optimal sample preparation procedures.Based on the optimized analytical conditions,the limits of detection and quantification,average recoveries and linearity of four AFs were determined and conformed to research limits.Of 22 TCMs samples,14 samples were contaminated with at least one type aflatoxin at concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 7.5 ?g/kg,and the average contents of AFs were significantly different for the different matrix types.Moreover,we found a potential link between the contamination levels of AFs and matrix types.TCMs containing fatty oils were the most susceptible to contamination by AFs and followed by TCMs containing polysaccharides and proteins;TCMs containing abundant amounts of volatile oils were less prone to contamination.This work provides a new method for the detection of AFs in TCMs.2.Analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in traditional Chinese medicines: Classification of analytical method based on different medicinal partsHerein,we describe a rapid,easy,and cost-effective high-performanceliquid chromatography method using UV and fluorescence detectors for the simultaneous analysis of 16 PAHs in TCMs.Pretreatment involved different extraction methods depending on the different medicinal parts,and followed by silica gel purification.The method was validated and used to assess PAHs contamination in 32 TCMs.In the samples analyzed,all 16 PAHs were present.Their total contents ranged from 19.5 to 1614.1 ?g/kg.Among all PAHs studied,phenanthrene was the most common and serious contaminant,followed by fluorene and fluoranthene.Leaves had the highest levels of the 16 PAHs,followed by roots and stems,seeds,flowers,and fruits.Our results suggest that PAHs contamination in TCMs is widespread,and that the proposed method may be a useful tool for quality control of PAHs in TCMs.3.Application of analytical method in Rhizoma CoptidisRhizoma Coptidis is the most commonly used TCMs.According to the analysis method of PAHs,the pollution of PAHs in Rhizoma Coptidis from different growth periods was studied.The medicinal part of Rhizoma Coptidis is its rhizome.The rhizome sample is extracted by the analytical method of PAHs.Finally,the results show that the recovery rate of this method is in the range of 68.9% – 103.5%,and the RSD is less than 10%.In the sample analysis,the pollution of PAHs in Rhizoma Coptidis from different growth years was not consistent.The results show that this method can be applied to the analysis and determination of PAHs in TCMs.