Study On The Historical Site Assessment Based On Environmental Integrity

Cultural heritage is the precious non-renewable resources. To the year 2015, The number of unmovable cultural relics increased to more than 760 thousand places, and the national heritage conservation units have inceased to 4296. There are 48 heritage sites was listed in the "World Heritage List" by UNESCO in China, after Italy. In recent years, we have expanded and deepened the understanding of the protection of the cultural heritage of our country, and our cultural heritage protection has entered in a new stage. To confronted with such a large number of cultural relics, it become an extremely urgent problem to achieve the sustainable development of cultural relics and monuments heritage.In the "Athens Charter" and the "Venice Charter", the two documents which had been generally received have mentioned the importance and necessity heritage of the cultural heritage assessment. In the "Athens Charter" promulgated in 1933, the restoration plan should be evaluated by a professional assessment to avoid the structural characteristics and historical value loss caused by mistake. In the "Venice charter", which was promulgated in 1964, it is necessary to have an accurate analysis and assess the repaired or excavated work, and should be put on record for reference.The "Venice Charter" established the two basic principles of the heritage protection: Originality and Integrity. After the practice of the national heritage protection and the international heritage protection organization and the development of the theory, the two basic principles have greatly expanded its content and extension. In terms of authenticity, the architectural and cultural background is so different in the western countries and eastern countries, the characteristics of stone and timber buildings is also different, the " Nara document ",which was issued in 1994, refer to"the culture diversity breaks through the limitation of" authenticity ", that the "Originality" should be changed to "Authenticity", stressed under the background of cultural heritage, respect the truth of the heritage contained information related to the source. On the 20 th anniversary of the" Nara document" issued after the meeting, the" Nara + 20 "of the Nara document of heritage authenticity discrimination proposed more specific operation methods. In terms of integrity, from the Venice Charter, initially only emphasize on Memorial where the environment protection, until 2005, the "Xi'an declaration" of "environment" the most complete and comprehensive elaboration, deepen the recognition and understanding of the connotation of cultural heritage with " integrity ".The State Council on The notice on strengthening the protection of cultural heritage "(2005) referred to the basic principle of the protection of China's cultural heritage: the protection of materiality cultural heritag to implement the "the priority is to protec, to rescue is the first, reasonable utilization and strengthening the management ". and the immateriality cultural heritage protection should carry out the principle of " the priority is protection, rescue first, rational use and development of inheritance". Insist to the authenticity and integrity of cultural heritage protection, insist to the law and the science of conservation, correctly handle the relationship between economic and social development and the protection of cultural heritage, overall planning, guidance, focused, step-by-step implementation.The experts in China in 2015 revised the heritage protection in our country with the rules promulgated in 2000-- " The China cultural relics protection standards ", but as an important basis for our country's heritage protection, our heritage assessment can not been implement in the new edition of the " standards " and China's current cultural heritage system, the specific operations is still facing many contradictions and difficulties. Based on the above background and motivation, this paper mainly study the following four parts of the analysis and summary the assessment in the new situation in China's heritage site evaluation of the operational methods and practical experience:The first two chapters sort out the related theories and research trends of the heritage sites, which is the theoretical basis of the research. Related theories include the basic theory of heritage assessment, the practice of cultural heritage assessment at home and abroad. From two aspects of theoretical basis and practical experience, summed up the method of heritage assessment and advanced experience.On the other hand, it also summarizes and analyzes the development of the domestic heritage assessment and the characteristics of the heritage of our country and the development of authenticity and integrity. Based on the analysis of theory and practice, the specific operation method of the environmental integrity of the heritage site evaluation is proposed, the study guide the assessment and then guaid the sustainable development and protection of the heritage site.The third chapter introduces the general situation of the project background of Qing Xiling, through historical research, the design idea and the features of Qing Xiling heritage sites, In-depth interpretation of the Qing Xiling heritage sites and interpretation of the precursor study for assessment is for the authenticity and completeness of the Qing Xiling heritage value, is to guide the foundation of the follow-up work. On this basis, combining with the current of the framework of cultural relics protection, formation evaluation plan and evaluation form. The fourth chapter study from heritage, the heritage enviroment and the social enviroment to analysisand evalue the work. Reflection complex type, such cultural relics comprehensive strong heritage site assessment under the condition of current heritage protection system and facing difficulties and shortcomings.At last,The Fifth chapter of the research content mainly through the analysis of Qing Xiling protection method.One the other side, analysis the inadequacy of these protection method.