A Comparative Study Of Fichte And Mead's Concepts Of Self

This dissertation is based on a comparative study of self-concept of Fichte's transcendental philosophy and self-concept of the pragmatic philosophers such as Mead.Comparing the similarities and differences between the two in theoretical position,theoretical manifestation and practical significance,this paper probes into the excavation and renovation of the theoretical resources of the German Idealism,and reviews the importance of pragmatism on the "practical turn" in Western philosophy.In addition to the introduction and conclusion,this paper is divided into three chapters,the first two chapters discuss the self-concept of Fichte's transcendental philosophy and the self-concept of the pragmatic philosophers,such as Mead,and the third chapter from the angle of "practical turn",compares the similarities and differences between Fichte and Mead on self-concepts,and sums up the contribution of pragmatism to "practical turn".The first chapter discusses the Fichte's self-concept.Firstly,the great influence of Kant's philosophy had an effect on the early Fichte's thought,and Fichte accepted his philosophy standpoint of transcendental philosophy of practice priority,but thought that Kant failed to establish a complete transcendental philosophical system,so he created the knowledge of science based on self-concept.Secondly,Fichte created the knowledge of science in his time of Jena,and this chapter focuses on the process of establishing the basic principles of the knowledge of science cored on self-concept,and the knowledge system of the practical according to these basic principles.Again,in Fichte's old age,that is,his Berlin period,his knowledge system had undergone a noticeable change,and the self-concept retreated from its core position.Finally,this chapter introduces Mead's comments on Fichte,Mead thought that the German romantic idealists,represented by Fichte,reformed Kant's philosophy from the interaction of subject-object with self as the standpoint,for avoiding the defects of Kant's antinomy,and Fichte structured self-concept from the moral aspect,and formed the strong spiritual power,but couldn't explain the world from the objective angle.The second chapter discusses Mead's self-concept.Firstly,Mead examined the occurrence and development of self with the method of social behavior,and considered that the self is the product of the organism in the social communication,and the language plays an important role in this process.Secondly,the generation of self is divided into play section and game section,the individual obtains the consciousness of "generalized others" in the social communication,and then begins to realize to assume the specific social role and complete self-forming;self can be objectified to the dual-mechanism form of "I" and "Me" and self and society in the interaction of the "I" and "Me" have been developed.Thirdly,Morris,a Mead's student,inherited his teacher's theoretical resources,called for "the open self",which was the final echo of the classical pragmatism on self-concept.The third chapter compares the self-concepts of Fichte and Mead with the view of"practical turn".Fichte regards self as the basic principle of his transcendental philosophy,then Mead proposes "the present philosophy",puts not only self but also the theory itself into the principle of socialization,and implements the principle of practice priority better;Pragmatism makes Kant's "practical turn" step forward,the image of philosophy has thoroughly changed,and philosophy faces to society and life better.