Talking About The "Linguistic Turn" Of Occidental Philosophy

The occidental philosophy of two thousand years has gone through three stages: ancient ontology, modern epistemology and the philosophy of language of the contemporary age. Two great turns have been brought about. One is modern "epistemological turn", and the other is contemporary "linguistic turn", which, having composed the general feature of modern philosophy as well as contemporary one is regarded by most of western philosophers as the most significance philosophical event in the 20th century. The philosophers have changed the angle in which they think from rational criticism to language criticism. Language therefore, has also raised its position from a traditional general problem into basic foundation of culture, and has acted as the dominator of ideological climate.Here, from "linguistic turn" point of view, studying the relationship between contemporary occidental philosophy and Marxism philosophy. Will attempt to put in order the train of thought of development of this "linguistic turn", analyzing its cause profoundly, inspecting its process and objectively evaluating its positive significance and negative impacts. Through the analysis of the mode of thinking adopted in the process of "linguistic turn", the scientific character and great charm of Marxist practical mode of thinking will be fully reflected. The study is divided into four sections as follows.Section one: the cause of "linguistic turn" in occidental philosophy. Occidental philosophy is a theoretical choice, made by occidental philosophy, who gives up and develops philosophy tradition on its own initiative under the new social and historic conditions. There are multiform reasons for this philosophy movement, which started early in the 21th century. Here we take five aspects as our analysis of this 'linguistic turn". The first and the radical one comes from the goal of solving the traditional problem. The second and motive one is for the purpose of finding a way for philosophy's survival; the third and formative one rests with the modern logic and its method of language analysis; the forth and inherent one lies in the inseparableintrinsic connections between language, thought and human existence; the last and important one is due to "practical turn", which Marxism has already achieved.Section two: the process of "linguistic turn" in Anglo-Saxon analytic philosophy. Analytic philosophers consider philosophy not as a theory but as an activity of analyzing language. Taking language as their base, and language analysis as their measure, they criticizing metaphysics vigorously. Now we are to discuss the process of the turning of two principal schools of philosophy. Firstly, the ideal language school initiated "linguistic turn" with Bectrand Russell's theory of imitative. At earlier stage, Ludwig Wittgenstein implemented the key procedure of the turning, and Rudolf Carnap and other philosophers deepened and spread the turning Praising highly the ideal language, they attempted to sweep away metaphsics by logic analysis of language. Secondly, the ordinary language school makes the ideal language into ordinary language. Moore guarded effectively the advantagous position hold by ordinary language. At later period, Ludwig Wittgenstein has utterly turn to the ordinary language and Gilbent Ryle and his fellows have completed "linguistic turn" of analylic philosophy. They believe that the erroneous of metaphsics lies in the fact that the ordinary language has been misused, while the task of philosophy is just to clear up the misusage of the ordinary language.Section three: the process of "linguistic turn" of European humanities philosophy. European humanities philosophy has realized "linguistic turn" in the different way from that of Anglo-Saxon anglytic philosophy. It stresses not only on the humanities of language but also on ontologic position of language, which, as means of communication, is fundamental for human's survival and development. We'd like to divide the process of this European philosophy turn into three stages. At the first stage...