The Study About Administration By Liu Jin

LiuJin was born in the XingPing county, where is in Shaanxi Province. He was a big eunuch of the Emperor called ZhengDe. Since he entered an institution which was called SiLi in October of the first year of the ZhengDe, the supreme power of the Ming dynasty was in the hand of him. Aiming at some problems, which the Ming dynasty was facing, LiuJin carried out a series of important political measures from the second to the fifth at the period of the ZhengDe. These political measures have a certain degree of adjustment to the system of the state. Although these measures what were being regarded as the "dividing old regulations " were banned after LiuJin failed, they had a profound impact on the reform after the period of JiaJing. Studying LiuJin's policy, not only helps us to understand the development situation of political and social at the mid of Ming dynasty, but also helps us to re-examine the relations between the eunuch and the political of the Ming dynasty.From the time background, LiuJin's administration happened in the crisis of Ming dynasty, such as bureaucrary,financial, military, social,and so on. It needed to the corresponding measures to change. And LiuJin had got the acquiescence which came from the emperor and the support of some ministers. Consequently say, "dividing old regulations "by LiuJin has the occasionality and inevitability of history.From the policy in terms of content, LiuJin put the system of the HongWu and YongLe as his aim. His administration mainly involved three aspects, such as the bureaucracy, finance, military. They included the adjustment of the system, the reorganization of the bureaucratic team, the adjustment of the imperial examinations quota, adjusting the system, reorganizing the bureaucratic team, adjusting the quota of the imperial examinations, checking the fund and money, reorganizing the law about salt, checking hided filed was involved in these measures, cleaning up the hereditary system, adjusting the deployment of the military, increasing the power of the eunuch who guarded everywhere, and so on. These measures are not completely accords with the actual situation of social development. The profit of the different social group was damaged on a different extent in the reform, including the number of the royal household, the eunuch, the officials and nobles grassroots beadle, Confucian scholars scholars and businessmen, and so on. LiuJin guaranteed the new measures to carry out by strengthening personal power, but he set up many enemies on policy at the same time. The above of the three factors lead to LiuJin's failure quickly.In terms of historical influence, although most measures of LiuJin's was "corrected" after he failed, the reform of JiaJing and LongQing and WanLi dynasties ran along LiuJin's trajectory forward. This suggested that these measures of LiuJin have certain rationality. It have an important effect on experiment and guidance.Comparing with the reform at other times, LiuJin's administration has some characteristics. First, the host who carried out the reform had a special identity. Second, the supreme ruler participated hardly in the activities. Third, opens the new mode of the cooperation between eunuch and minister. Forth, it lasted a short time. Fifth, the reform not only spread to a wide range, and involved complicated composition.