Research On Agricultural Development And Ecological Infiluence Ofthe Tarim River Basin In Xinjiang Province Of China During Qing Dynasty

In the traditional period of Chinese history,the Qing Dynasty was the third peak of the development process of China in Xinjiang.At the same time,developed Xinjiang by the Qing government also had a very important modern national significance.This paper expatiates on the history of agricultural development in the Tarim River Basin in the Qing Dynasty,presents the reasons of regional agricultural development and transformation,and the ecological impact caused by the rapid development of agriculture in this period.In the discussion of agricultural development,The relationship between agricultural development and environmental change.This paper mainly used the method of literature research,collected the historical materials such as the Qing Dynasty records,the local records,the manuscripts and the travels to reconstruct the historical period,the regional agricultural development and its ecological influence.From the perspective of agricultural history,since the twenty-four years of Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty,the development of agriculture in southern area of Xinjiang especially Tarim River Basin experienced three stages: the initial recovery and development period,the rapid development of agriculture during the period of reclamation,and the deepening of the development period after tax reform.During the period of the Qianlong period,under the guidance of Xinjiang's development policy,which was based on the "Paying more attention on the north of Xinjiang" and the national isolated this area,the southern Xinjiang was a closed area in this time.The agriculture of the Tarim River Basin recovered from the haze of the war,Agricultural development rate of sequential development,and no significant progress.Until suppressed the rebellion of Zhang Geer successful,for the sake of a stable frontier,Daoguang emperor relaxed the isolation of the southern region,and this policy is a turning point in the development of agriculture in the region.Guangxu tenth years(1884)after Xinjiang became a province of Qing China,the Qing government in the region to implement the immigration and other active policies closed the relationship between the region and the Qing empire,traffic and business contact,and immigration reclamation made further improving of agricultural technology in southern Xinjiang,farmland area And the number of agricultural population has also increased significantly.In the past two centuries,the regionalagricultural technology in south of Xinjiang and the mainland continued to communicate,the agricultural population continues to proliferate.With the Qing government agricultural policy adjusted,the region's agriculture has developed by leaps and bounds.However,the expansion of the area of cultivation,population need more environmental resources to met the further requirements.The high intensity and concentration of agricultural development had has a significant impact on the ecological environment of the basin,and the trend of rapid agricultural development has a close correlation with the trend of ecological decline.The backward agricultural technology was on peak in Qing Dynasty in the development stage of the traditional historical period,and the inefficient and extensive business model exerted a great pressure on the ecological environment,agricultural development also made the deterioration of water ecology in some areas unsustainable,.The efficient of agricultural inputs and outputs was reduce.In the historical period of over-development has caused the basin of ecological pay a heavy price,Which was a great lesson to the development of the Tarim River Basin nowadays.And it also has a warning and practical significance to us to avoid the same mistakes.