The Relation Between The Economic And The Environmental In Fenhe River Basin In The Ming And Qing Dynasty

In the geography , the river basin points out relative river some sections ? through the dividing line encirclement area , it is the district general designation the catchment area including the water resources in the subterranean and the surface of the earth. Than the ordinary area , River basin economy development peculiarity chiefly possess tripartite : 1.The water resources are core resources ; 2.Along the river the communication electric network is the economic distribution base ; 3.The river basin wholeness is the fundamental property of economic district. As the wake of the water resources being keyed-up gradually, the sustainable development of river basin is becoming the core that every state nation was concerned. The Fenhe river basin in the middle reaches of Huanghe River , it's development history is age-old, In addition particular property of loess , particular terrain of Shanxi highland , the water resources are more important to the locality economy. The Ming and Qing dynasty is one of the most particular period in Fenhe river basin development history , in this period the population, resources and the environment of in the river basin had arised the fresh distinguishing feature , and they are far-reaching to the later generations . Hence, this paper choose the Ming and Qing dynasty such a distinctly particular period and Fenhe river basin such a specially designated target , Make a systematic study on the relationship between it's economy development the environment that that takes the water resources as the core .The principal aim of this paper is to realize the purpose of"learning serve the society".This paper based on the historical books, Ming Shilu, Qing Shilu and other historical materials, chiefly adopting the means such as area comparatively , successive geography cuts plane , history analysis and so on. Fenhe river basin is divided into 5 economic zones, they are the upper reaches , middle reaches , canyon , district in lower reaches and the district in mouth. On the base of study in each reaches region , summed up the river basin's economy wholeness feature in the induction.The upper reaches belongs the district in high and cold mountainous region and in the interest of the agriculture-stock raising interleave region.Before Ming dynasty, it's industrial structure including agriculture stock raising and so on, during the Ming and Qing dynasty the industrial structure adjustment, and the agriculture become more important. From the angle to the area's development, This kind of alternation had the advanced sense , but as far as the river basin economy system of district , it also had the extremely great corrupt practice : upper reaches vegetation damage , soil erosion intensive. All of this not merely cause the locality productivity drop ? But also made the middle reaches basin have gradually calamity such as excessive rain drought andplague of locusts > and conditioned the development of entire river basin. The middle reaches basin is age-old . till Ming and Qing dynasty, the contradictory between people and earth manifests gradually.For this reason , the cropland gains reclaimed in the locality -. water conservancy project expansed , spread the steps such as rice and so on . Moreover utilizing the favorable country policy . gripes the northern frontier trade an opportune moment , the trade also obtained the greater development. Community economy was developed and was promoted the locality water conservancy project undertaking further. Yet the rivers and canals scattered everywhere also cause the ecosystem in river basin suffer distinct degree damage .Such as sand contenting in river added^ depositing increased , waterlog harm intensity and so on. Moreover affect was that the locality economy was developed . Xiaohe to migrate frequently is a clear proof. Canyon is with the mountainous region and hills , The Fenhe River is little benefits but much disaster. The farming production specification is worse, soil erosion is seriously and the ecology environment is fully weak. Ming and Qing dynasty , depend on the rich mineral reserves rich , transport facilities preponderance . the mining trade was developed quickly ? and became dominant the in locality economic gradually. However the soil erosion that initiated through exploiting a mine and the water resources scarce are serious . As he environment deteriorates in the wake of ecology > the productivity drop further . economy and environment vicious circle intensity. The district in lower basin has the fit production specification , produce are rich and fertile , In history particular period it has been being the river basin economy core location. At the beginning of Ming dynasty much state county populations- soil had been contradictorily fully stressed , except for the extensive emigrant in Ming dynasty , the trade migration never were interrupted. Border on the resources preponderance such as salt pond and so on > its trade was in fashion for a time in Ming dynasty middle period > Till Qing dynasty the structure of production more optimizes, Cotton ,the cereals food awaited to grow to broaden gradually , the goods farming were developed further. Although it's political position was abdicated to Taiyuan , yet as a result of cuing off. it can develop independently, so it maintains the river basin economy core district position. Because the entire river basin releases flood water through the lower reaches region, its earth on sands is difficult to gain reclaim. Accepting the Huanghe River side corroding, The big vast waterlog impairs take place easy . The manufacture is subjected to surely conditioning. The Ming and Qing dynasty in the locality popularization tobacco plant was grown . and brought the greater economic results , yet as a result of the tobacco plant vies the cropland against the grain crops <. vied fertilizer , impairs greatly to soil fertility , the farming productivity droped. Moreover , This district trade has been relatively developed always , the door position in river basin was stich zone bit preponderance location.The Ming and Qing dynasty is distinctly complete particular period of structure of production major in Fenhe River upper reaches, and finally establish the dominant...