A Study On Prehistoric Society And The Process Of Early Civilization In Hetao And Surrounding Areas China

Hetao and surrounding areas China is one of the central areas of Chinese civilization process.After nearly a century of excavation and study,researchers found a wealth of underground remnants,and established a more comprehensive prehistoric culture system,nevertheless,provides an important example for the construction of Chinese civilized process of diversified integration.There are four stages in the prehistoric society and the early civilization in the Hetao and surrounding areas region.About 8000 ~ 6700 years ago,the cultural stage called LaoGuantai.Primitive agriculture and animal husbandry has emerged and has been further developed,but the fishing and hunting economy still occupies a very important position;the original handicraft technology has also occurred,but the fabrication technology is more rough and single.Its social organization is in the stage of matriarchal clan society,in which the budding marriage system appears as well.The original religious consciousness has arisen.The period about 6700 ~ 6200 years,ago belong to Yangshao culture Banpo type stage.Types of Crop and food production have increased,plowing agriculture began to sprout;the number and quantity of livestock have increased;The technique of making pottery with slow-wheel reparation of rim emerges.What's more,handicraft and agricultural separated.simple perforation,Polished stone manufacturing technology,metal manufacturing and cutting technology of jade began to appear.Social organizations have advanced into the stage of even marriage system,the status of men and women also changes.Male status becomes higher than that of female,instead that the status of women even slightly higher than that of men in the past.At this stage,the emergence of totem worship,special "ritual rituals",large-scale sacrifices,early budding text embodies the religious rituals and the further development of prehistoric art.The period about 6200 ~ 5200 years ago,belong to the historian type of Yangshao culture,dating from the type of JingMiaoDigou to early times of type of Xi Wangcun.The social productive forces has been further developed,the scale of agricultural production has been further expanded,The phenomenon of slow wheel reparation in handicraft industry is quite common has been quite common.In some areas,the technology of fast wheel reparation is also taken into practice.Social organizations advances to the stage of family-based community,5900 ~ 5500 years ago,chief community appeared in Longdong area,From 4000 BC to 3500 BC the site of early city appeared in Guanzhong area.About 5500 years ago,family of Special even system occurred,male status further improved,and there has been a phenomenon of worship of men.About 5200 ~ 3900 years ago,the period belongs to the late times of West Village type of Yangshao culture to late times of Longshan culture.At this stage,crop production increased,wheat began to be planted,fast wheel pottery and molding technology began to spread,bronze smelting technology and jade production technology had been further developed,silk textile began to appear.Social organizations have generally entered the stage of homemade family,the class began to be divided,men completely occupied the dominant position and began to enslave and oppress women,mature text began to appear,the religious culture had been further popularized.In the central and south area of Inner Mongolia,about 5000 to 4300 ago,there was a site of group of stone city,which have the nature of military defense,primary chiefdom community ruled by the class of wizard also occurred.Ancient city of Shimao in northern Shaanxi,about 4300 ~ 3900 years ago,the stage of ancient budding of Taosi in Shanxi,large palace sites,the "police" mastered the public power occurred,all of these characteristics not only marked the emergence of the country it also symbolized that the region of Hetao and surrounding areas went from the primitive society into the civilized society.To explore early state formation of our country,civilization process provides an important example,which is of great significance.The four stages of the evolution in the Hetao and surrounding areas region,is essentially the same as Morgan,Engels' theory of four stages of development in the prehistoric society,but the patriarchal family commune in the Hetao and surrounding areas region lasted nearly a longer duration for thousands of years,which differs from Engels' view that he believes that after the emergence of agricultural society to the civilized era before the beginning of the majority of the period in the marriage system at home,only in the short period of time before the emergence of the family system is a patriarchal family community.The study of the civilization process in the Hetao and surrounding areas region provides a typical example for testing,enriching and perfecting the theory of the origin of Marxist civilization.It is an important position in the history of our civilization.