| Objective: From microscopic system,to study family upbringing of children Machiavellianism relation and internal mechanism.Introducing two variables attachment and empathy to research their multiple mediating role between parents parenting and children Machiavellianism.It can provide effective theory and empirical basis to the study of Machiavellianism..Methods: Random cluster sampling 450 students of zhengzhou as the research object at the middle school.Chinese parents parenting questionnaire used(PBI company-C),children machiavellianism scale Chinese version(KMS-C),parents and peer attachment questionnaire(IPPA)with basic empathy scale Chinese version(BES-C)were measured and effective measurement data collected.Using spss21.0,Amos17.0 deal with valid data with statistics software such as independent sample t-test,Pearson product-moment correlation,hierarchical regression and structural equation model and multiple statistical analysis intermediary effect inspection and so on.Results:(1)Children Machiavellianism,has no significant differences in gender and grade(t=.301,p>.05;t=-1.405,p>.05).Parents upbringing total scores had no significant difference in gender(t=.1.949,p>.05),but the mother care,mother autonomy,father care,father autonomy,there is significant difference in gender,and men higher than women(t=3.446,p<.01;t=2.469,p<.05;t=2.219,p<.05;t=2.063,p<.05);Mother refusing women higher than men(t=-2.292,p<.05).Parents upbringing has grade differences in total scores(t=-3.109,p<.05),with parents’ overprotection junior second higher than the junior first(t=-2.574,p<.01;t=-3.673,p<.01).parental attachment have significant gender differences between men and women(t=2.152,p<.05;t=2.067,p<.05),and the men higher than women.Empathy scores and emotional empathy has significant gender difference(t=-2.142,p<.05;t=-2.572,p<.05),the women more than men;(2)Parenting style,children Machiavellianism,attachment,empathy were all two significant correlation.Mother care has significantly positive correlation with mother autonomy,father care,father autonomy(r =.487,r =.487,r =.406;p <.01),and mother refusing has significantly negative correlation with mother overprotection,father refusing,father’s overprotection.(r =-.518,r =-.186,r =-.449,r =-.223;p <.01);Mother refusing has significantly positive correlation with father overprotection,mother overprotection,father refusing(r =.356,r =.356,r =.342;p <.01);Mother care and empathy is significantly positive correlation(r =.104,p <.05),and cognitive empathy significant positive correlation(r =.158,p <.01);Mother refusing and empathy is significantly negative correlation(r =-.121,p <.05),and cognitive empathy is significantly negative correlation(r =-.183,p <.01);Mother’s overprotection and cognitive empathy is significantly negative correlation(r =-.119,p <.05);Mother’s autonomy and cognitive empathy significant positive correlation(r =.185,p <.01);Father’s care and cognitive empathy significant positive correlation(r =.127,p <.05);His father refusing and empathy is significantly negative correlation(r =-.103,p <.05),and cognitive empathy is significantly negative correlation(r =-.185,p <.01);Father overprotection and cognitive empathy is significantly negative correlation(r =-.137,p <.01);Father’s care and cognitive empathy positive correlation(r =.188,p <.01),and emotional empathy is significantly negative correlation(r =-.104,p <.05);The cognitive empathy and emotional empathy was significantly positive correlation(r =.251,p <.01);Mother care,father care,mother autonomy,father autonomy is significantly positive correlation with attachment and its three dimensions including mother attachment,father attachment,peer attachment(r =.588,r =.588,r =.410,r =.378;r =.716,r =.545,r =.444,r =.348;r =.443,r =.727,r =.288,r =.393;r =.193,r =.245,r =.196,r =.128;p <.01);Mother refusing,father refusing,mother’s overprotection,father’s overprotection is significantly negative correlation with attachment and its three dimensions mother attachment,father attachment and peer attachment(r =-.616,r =-.631,r =-.264,r =-.249;r =-.628,r =-.578,r =-.306,r =-.310;r =-.536,r =-.603,r =-.271,r =-.230;r =-.292,r =-.315,r =-.071,r =-.065;p <.01);Mother care,father care has significantly negative correlation with children Machiavellianism(r =-.239,r =-.272;p <.01);mother autonomy,father autonomy has significantly negative correlation with children Machiavellianism(r =-.101,r =-.107;p <.05);Mother refusing,mother’s overprotection,father refusing,father’s overprotection are positively related to children Machiavellianism(r =.195,r =.195,r =.196,r =.169;p <.01).Attachment total scores and its one dimension including peer attachment is significantly positive correlation with empathy(r =.226,r =.296;p <.01);Mother attachment,father attachment is significantly positive correlation with empathy(r =.104,r =.104,p <.05);Attachment total score and its three dimension including mother attachment,father attachment,peer attachment is significantly positive correlation with cognitive empathy(r =.281,r =.281,r =.204,r =.268;p <.01);Peer attachment and emotional empathy was significantly positive correlation(r =.205,p <.01),attachment total score,mother attachment,father attachment is negatively related to the emotional empathy was not significant(r =.087,r =-.005,r =-.026);Attachment total score and its three dimension including mother attachment,father attachment and peer attachment has a significant negative correlation with children Machiavellianism(r =-.366,r =-.250,r =-.306,r =-.255;p <.01);Empathy,cognitive empathy and children Machiavellianism is significantly negative(r =-.107,p <.05;r =-.146,p <.01);Emotional empathy and children Machiavellianism has no significant correlation(r =-.017,p >.05);(3)Attachment and its three dimensions in the way of parenting style to children Machiavellianism play a partial intermediary role.Between the intermediary effect of mother attachment(45.56% —95.33%)is bigger than father attachment(26.04% —89.72%),father attachment is bigger than the peer attachment(15.89% —44.39%)(4)Cognitive empathy in the way of parenting style to children Machiavellianism play a partial intermediary role.Between the mediation effect of(6.29%-39.6%);(5)Parenting style affects cognitive empathy,through attachment,in the end,affects children Machiavellianism.That is in other words that is to say attachment and empathy in parenting style and children Machiavellianism act as multiple intermediary role.Conclusion:(1)Parents for male children show more care and encouragement,the mother to female children show more refusing;(2)Attachment way and its three dimensions are intermediary role between parenting style and children Machiavellianism,but mother attachment is the biggest intermediary effect.to strengthen the mother’s role in family education can help children’s personality formation(3)The parents care and parents independent can form safety attachment,which affect children’s understanding to others’ emotions,to form good personality traits.Parents refusing and excessive protection form insecure attachment,will affect children’s emotion to others misunderstanding,forming machiavellianism. |
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