A Discussion On British Public Health Management Reform During The Period Of 1850s-1870s

In the 19 th century,Britain faced the problem of the deterioration of the public health environment and the outbreak of infectious diseases.It has aroused widespread concern in all sectors of society,the British government has also increased the pace of public health management.The Chadwick Public Health Reform in the 1830 s to 1840 s tried to enhance central public health management authority,strengthen the central supervision of the local,so as to improve the efficiency of government public health management.However,this kind of "centralization" of public health management contradicts the British tradition,so in practice by the local government boycott.The government public health management system construction is relatively slow.At the same time,Chadwick adhere to the "miasma theory" as the guiding ideology of public health reform,pay no attention to the views of doctors,regard the environmental clean-up as the main direction of government public health management.In practice,they rely mainly on engineers to carry out municipal construction and ignore the development of medical technology and medical theory of progress,so the lack of efficiency in the control of infectious diseases led to the inability to cope with severe public health crisis.In 1854 Chadwick resigned,marking Chadwick's public health reform into trouble.In the face of this situation,the British government in the 1850 s to 1870 s adjusted the public health management.First,they adjust the relationship between the central and local public health management and gradually strengthen the local authorities in the public health management of the mandatory power to build a local-centered public health management system.Second,in public health management,they have strengthened their cooperation with the professional group of doctors,widely appointed doctors as health officials,focusing on the use of medical means and medical theory to solve public health problems,so that public health management is not limited to one aspect of environmental cleaning.This adjustment adapted to the British local autonomy tradition,strengthening the local government's public health management responsibility,accelerating the construction of local public health management system,laying the foundation for the formation of the British modern public health management system.Meanwhile,in the 1850 s to 1870 s,the professional doctors gradually led the development of British public health management and promoted the "medicalization" of public health management,finally lying the foundation for the creation of the British national health service system.