The Economic And Philosophical Manuscripts Of 1844 In The Vision Of Frankfurt School

The social critical theory of Frankfurt school has a strong realistic pertinence,which reflects the characteristics of the times in the 1830 s.About the Frankfurt school's political views,mainly reflected in Horkheimer and Adorno,Marcuse et al.Critique of mass culture theory in.The Frankfurt school is known as the representative of the new Marx doctrine,they break the positivism,re-examine the social status from the perspective of anti positivism.The Frankfurt school not only inherited the relevant theories of the young Hagel school,but also influenced by the irrational thoughts of Schopenhauer and Nietzsche,but also absorbed the Neo Kantian theory and the critical theory of culture of the United states.Among them,the 1844 Manuscript of economics and philosophy of Marx's early works "(hereinafter referred to as the" Manuscript ")of the concept of alienation in the Frankfurt school is most profound,they use it as the foundation,the system of social critical theory created a set of characteristics,and thus into the capitalist ideology,the Frankfurt school theorists in the eyes that is a sign of critical theoretical characteristics,critical theory is higher than that of philosophy,and the formation of opposition and philosophy.The critical theory of the Frankfurt school criticizes all existing things,and at the same time,the pursuit of the truth of all things is returned to the thing itself.In nineteenth Century 30 s,the Frankfurt school's critical view began to change,when the western workers' movement is in the low period,the rapid rise of totalitarian fascism in Europe,in this context,the research focus of Frankfurt school theorists is not the proletariat has a strong belief in the revolution,and turned to the working class study on the ideology,enter the "Manuscript" of the working class from the perspective of sympathy and concern.They try to arouse people's rational awakening,to break the positivism thinking mode.In the "Dialectics of enlightenment",Hawke Heimo and Adorno pointed out that since the enlightenment,the rationality of human has made some achievements,but at the same time,the fall of human rational positivism thinking mode,in the modern industrial society,human rational thinking and reflection,in order to become a slave,became the tool,the rational is not in service to the people,but as for the interests of human beings means rational behind is a trading power for money,is a drama,is a kind of social landscape.Reason has lost the meaning of striving for the freedom of human beings,not loyal servant,but the ruler of mankind.In this regard,the Frankfurt school theorists in the study of the advanced culture of the industrial society,popular culture and other issues,they are around the study of the issue of rationality.They criticize the whole ideology by criticizing the capitalist industrial culture.Critique of capitalist ideology in schools in Frankfurt,we can understand the "Manuscript" of national economists criticism,Marx criticized the principle of economic rationality,followed by national economists whether science,whether real,whether conforms to the interests of workers.The Frankfurt school theorists of this so-called principle of economic rationality,a deep thinking,reveals the capitalism behind the economic rationality and human rights classification is covered by personal economic interests and personal problems.From the perspective of the Frankfurt school,the author explores the rational understanding of the rational meaning behind the rational principle of capitalist economy.Thus,study on the rational problems become a research path of Frankfurt School theorists new.In order to study the problem of rationality,Marcuse and Fromm analyze the theory of alienation in the manuscript,to explore what is human rationality? How can human beings remain rational? They conducted in-depth of human nature,and absorb the "Manuscript" theory of alienation,the scope of the study but not limited to product of labor alienation "manuscripts" involved,but the alienation view to expand industrial culture and other human life field,reveala the real life.There are many aspects of alienation.Marcuse's research on the alienation of labor in the manuscript,the return to the reality of the work,pointed out that the human labor attributes do not belong to their own reasons,what is lost in the end? They believe that the separation of labor and human nature is rooted in the loss of individual freedom.In addition,they regard Marx's research on the relationship between man and labor as a reflection of the rational reflexivity.Marcuse,Marx and Fromm that they like,standing in such a rational perspective,they are rational foundation of respect for human values,emphasizing the initiative and freedom of personality thinking and caring life and living conditions,thus their common people into the humanitarian perspective.Marcuse and Fromm tried to arouse people's new understanding of the nature of human beings in the perspective of humanism,to arouse people's conscience,to construct ethical values,and to restrict people's activities.They pay close attention to the real life and criticize the problems in real life.In real life,they investigate and analyze the development of individual freedom.Through the investigation of the degree of freedom of personality in real life,we can judge whether the rationality of the human being is reasonable,whether it is free or not.Schmidt inherited the new topic proposed by Marcuse and Fromm.In his book "the concept of nature" by the author of the book,the author holds that the understanding of the problem of real life by human beings is the study of the relationship between man and nature in the book of the nature of the book by the author of the book,which is based on the concept of nature by the author of the book,by the author of this thesis.In this case,the author of the thesis is a study of the relationship between man and nature in the book of nature of the book.Schmidt inherited the understanding of the relationship between man and nature,and on this basis,the practice is to connect the relationship between man and nature of the intermediary bridge.However,Schmidt did not pay too much attention to people's practical activities that focus on reality not just practice,the most important is the "perceptual ideas manuscript" in Schmidt,the "Manuscript" in the perceptual thinking and reality activities together,that emotional reality is the human activities to seek truth standard,Schmidt the emotional problems with real life,pay close attention to people's emotions and feelings.From this we can see that Schmidt is also involved in the humanitarian perspective of Marcuse.Therefore,Schmidt's perceptual activities,and finally into the humanitarian perspective.In the study of the Frankfurt school,the study of sensibility and emotion is incorporated into the study of aesthetics.Through people's understanding of the beauty of things,to analyze personal emotions and other issues.He pursues the root of the emotion,and excavate the emotional thought contained in the aesthetic thought.Wilmer's aesthetic thought and aesthetic thought of "Manuscript","Manuscript" pointed out that "laborproducebeauty" Marx believes that the source of human aesthetic thoughts on human labor in the labor process,people through the five senses,the understanding of the United States,Marx stressed that the relationship between the individual and the people on the understanding of differences of aesthetics everyone,the perception of beauty is different.Wilmer emphasized the popularity of aesthetic thought,and thought that the unity of people's aesthetic thought is the unity of aesthetics after the collision between people.From this,the unified aesthetic standard is constructed.It can be seen that the aesthetics of silence is a process of negation and criticism.The way of Wilmer's pursuit of reason is actually a way of criticizing and criticizing.He tries to unify the perceptual thought and reason contained in the aesthetic thought,and hopes to seek the freedom of human beings in sensibility.Although he has standardized the aesthetic thought into annotation,positivism and unification,he tried to break the limitation of positivism in the study of rationality,but it was in the visual field of sensibility.