Qi Min Yao Shu Metrological Measure Words And Its Evolution

Qi Min Yao Shu(????)is a agronomy masterpiece with strong oral features in WeiJin Northern and Southern Dynasty.There are many quantifiers in the part of the production and processing of crops,especially the metrological measure words,which provides important linguistic data for us to study Ancient Chinese quantifiers.The paper consists of five chapters.Chapter 1 is the introduction.It makes definition and classification about the metrological measurement words summarizes present the research situation,introduces the research methods,explains the linguistic data,version of the book and innovative point.Chapter 2 makes a static description of the quantifier in the Qi Min Yao Shu.On the basis of exhaustive investigation statistics,the paper makes a comprehensive study about the metrological measurement words of the Qi Min Yao Shu.by adopting quantitative and qualitative methods.There are 38 metrological measurement words in the Qi Min Yao Shu,which are classified to four categories: degree,measure,balance,and acre.There are 7 length quantifiers,25 capacity quantifiers,5 fixed quantity quantifiers,20 flexible quantity quantifiers,2 weight quantifiers,and 4 area quantifiers.From the perspective of the grammar function of quantifiers,though the metrological measurement words has a limited formation methods,but they are strongly capable of combining with the number words,nouns and adjectives.The combination parts can be served as a subject,a predicate,an object,an attributive etc in the sentence.In the Qi Min Yao Shu,the metrological measure words have imbalanced development and different combination methods,the flexible quantity quantifiers are borrowed frequanly,tie-in way is not the same,quantity quantifiers and weight-measurement quantifiers are in common use.Chapter 3 introduces the measurement methods of the metrological measure words and its evolution in the Qi Min Yao Shu.Firstly,the paper analyzes the basic features of the method of metrological measure words from the synchronic level.There are various different measurement methods in the Qi Min Yao Shu.The measuring methods of the length quantifiers are mainly organized with the structure of "adjectives +words +quantifiers",the capacity quantifiers and weight quantifiers are mainly organized with the structure of "nouns + words + quantifiers",the areaquantifiers are mainly organized with the structure of "words + quantifiers".Secondly,the paper pays much attention to describe the evolution process of metrological measure words from Qin Dynasty to the Tang Song Yuan Ming period from diachronic level.In the western zhou dynasty,there were few measuring methods of the metrological measure words,while abundant during the period of the spring and autumn period.During the Qin and Han Dynasties,the "nouns + words + quantifiers" and "words + quantifiers" format was dominated.During the the Period of Wei,Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties the number of the "words + quantifiers+nouns" and "nouns + words + quantifiers" format are roughly the same.In the Tang and Song Dynasties,the methods of "quantities + quantifiers+nouns" exceeded "nouns + words+ quantifiers".In the Yuan Ming and Qing Dynasties,the "quantities + quantifiers+nouns" was far more than "nouns + words + quantifiers",and became the main means of metrological measure words.Chapter 4 expounds the evolution process of the objects of the metrological measure words in the Qi Min Yao Shu.The paper focuses on the evolution process of the representative the metrological measure words,such as inch,zhang,bucket,bowl,calix,tucks,Jaws of death,Jin,liang,qing,qi,from pre-qin dynasty to nowadays.The "inch","zhang","bucket," and "Jaws of death" have gradually dropped out of our stage with the development of society and the changes of the times,the "bowl" is widely used in our daily life with its advantages.Calix is a professional quantifier for weighing lamps,the weighing objects of "Jin"," liang" changed a lot,and the weigh objects of "qing"," qi" is limited wih few changes.In the course of evolution,the object of Qi Min Yao Shu weights and measures are becoming more abstract and similar,and the semantics is gradually generalized.Chapter 5 shows the inheritance and development of the metrological measure words in the Qi Min Yao Shu.Most of the fixed metrological measure words can be traced back to the ancient times,and some new metrological measure words also have been developed such as "hong"," e".