Study On The Historical Geography Of Ning Xiang City

Located in the northeast of the Hunan central,Ningxiang Town belonging to Changsha City.Ningxiang Town accumulated profound cultural background in the long history of its tortuous development.This article attempts to summarize the experience and lessons to provide reference for the development of Ningxiang Town in the perspective of historical geography by analyzing the changes of the Ningxiang Town process.In the Three Kingdoms period,Xinyang County was set up in an area where the provinces were integrated in the Sui and Tang Dynasties.At the Beginning of the Northern Song Dynasty,Ningxiang County was restored.Since then,it has been more than a thousand years of history.For a long time,a large number of foreign populations moved into Ningxiang County,which has caused a profound influence on the formation of the local customs.There are many hills in Ningxiang County.The water is abundant and the climate is warm but the soil quality is not very good.Yu Tan town is the county's political center.Its transportation is convenient and the economic situation is relatively better.The earliest town of Ningxiang county is located in the west of the town of Yellow River,which has been destroyed.In the Three Kingdoms,the new county was set up in the town of Hengshi and was moved eastward in Western Jin Dynasty.The specific location is unknown.In Northern Song Dynasty s Ningxiang County was set up in Yu Tan town and since then it hasn't changed any more.More than thousands years,Ningxiang county almost owned no walls.While in Ming Chongzhen years(1627-1644),this county ever built cobblestone walls but before long was destroyed.Some people in Qing County suggested building walls,but they ultimately failed to start.The county mainly took the fence as its rampart,and the city gate was built with stone as a defense.With the development of the city,the types and number of buildings in the city are increasing gradually,but the southeast developed better,and the northwest was a bit worse.In the Qing Dynasty,Ningxiang formed a planar pattern supplemented by the county department,academy,and temples.The population of Ningxiang City has fluctuated with the changes of the political situation,but on the whole,it gradually increased.According writer calculation,the population in Ningxiang City was 1490 in 1391,and the population in Ningxiang City was 9996 in 1614.In this period,the average annual growth rate of the county population was about 8.6 ‰.In 1776,its population is about 10774.In 1930,the population was 17208.From 1776 to 1930 county population annual average growth rate was about 3 ‰.Its economy was mainly based on agriculture and rice was the most important economic crops.Over a long period,Ningxiang County,its annual output of rice accounts for about one-tenth of the province.Miscellaneous grains and economic crop are also an important part of the county's planting industry.Sweet potatoes,beans were widely planted in the county.Wei Shan tea was the first-class in the county,which was sold to the northwest region and was favored by the bureaucratic aristocracy.Pig was an important part of the county's animal husbandry.During the tongzhi reign(1862-1874),there are more than 300 shops in the county,being able to meet the basic needs of residents,but the overall level of business was still lower.With the economic development,the education of Ningxiang has also made some progress.During the Ming and Qing Dynasties,the achievements of the imperial examination were far better than the Song and Yuan Dynasties.The school of county,academy and other educational institutions grew out of nothing and were from less to more,which made great contributions to the development of Ningxiang's education.Ningxiang County,the cradle of Weiyangzong in Buddhism,has developed greatly;Wei Shan Temple is the county's most important monastery.Although Taoism and Christianity were propagated in Ningxiang,their popularity can't be compared to Buddhism.In the period of the Republic of China,the cult organizations have also existed in Ningxiang County.In the long river of history,Ningxiang County has also emerged a lot of historical and cultural celebrities and they have made a great influence on Ningxiang rural development.Ningxiang Town has gotten a great development after the founding of new China,and developed rapidly since Reform and Opening.The calculation of the Ningxiang Town area is 40 thousand square kilometer in 2014,which 20 times of it's before liberation.However,historical cultural heritage is destroyed because of slow urban integral planning.Besides,natural disaster gradually increased,which is an extremely unfavorable thing to build the Ningxiang Town.In this case,problems emerge in the process of urbanization must be solved,and the coordination between the city construction and protection shall be ensured,making scientific development of tourism resources in the Ningxiang Town which achieve sound and fast development.