| Inhibitory control is a kind of ability to effectively prevent the psychological and behavioral activities which are inconsistent with the current task.As an important component of executive function,inhibitory control plays an important role in the development of cognitive function,the development of psychological theory and the formation of behavior.At the present stage,the research on inhibitory control is focused on the factors that influence the inhibitory control,and the related researches have found that personality,emotion and working memory all affect the inhibition control.At home,most investigations induce a certain mood under laboratory conditions,to explore the influence of emotion on inhibitory control,but the conclusions are inconsistent.Foreign studies have found that the inhibitory deficits of some disordered people are related to their personality,and few studies have begun to focus on the relationship between inhibitory control and personality.Therefore,the inhibitory control is affected by internal and external factors,and it is necessary to understand the inhibitory control ability of individuals with different personality in different situations.In real life,we are often informed of the consequences of actions in advance,so reward or punishment clue is used to prevent inappropriate behavior.So will the reward/punishment clue influence the inhibitory control? Is it effective to individuals with different personality traits and situations with different attentional load? In this study,two experiments are conducted to investigate the effect of reward/punishment clue on inhibitory control,and to explore whether the effect is regulated by impulsive personality traits and attentional load.Experiment one was a 3(reward/punishment clue: neutral,reward,punishment)×2(impulsive personality : high impulsivity,low impulsivity)complete randomlized design.The individuals with high impulsivity or low impulsivity were completed Stop-signal task under the condition of neutral/reward/punishment clue,we measured the behavioral performance of all participants using P(Probalitity of responding to a stop signal),RT(Reaction Time in the go task).The results suggested:(1)The Ps of high-impulsive individuals were significantly lower than that of low-impulsive individuals.For high-impulsive individuals,the Ps in punishment clues were significantly higher than that of reward clues and neutral clues,the Ps in reward clues were significantly higher than that under neutral clues condition;For low-impulsive individuals,the Ps in punishment clues were significantly lower than that of reward clues and neutral clues,there were no significant differance between reward clues and neutral clues.(2)The RTs of high-impulsive individuals were significantly lower than that of low-impulsive individuals.For high-impulsive individuals,the RTs in punishment clues were significantly higher than that of reward clues and neutral clues,the RTs in reward clues were significantly higher than that under neutral clues condition;For low-impulsive individuals,the differance of reward/punishment clues were not significant.Experiment two was a 3(reward/punishment clue: neutral,reward,punishment)×2(impulsive personality : high impulsivity,low impulsivity)×2(attentional load:high attention load,low attention load)mixed design,with reward/punishment clues and impulsive personality as variables across subjects and attentional load as variable within subjects.Using Go/No-go paradigm,we measured the behavioral performance of all participants using RT(Reaction Time in the go task),P(Probalitity of responding to no-go task).The results suggested:(1)For the Ps under low attentional load condition,the main effect of reward/punishment clues were significant,and the Ps under the condition of reward clues were significantly lower than that of punishment clues and neutral clues,and there were no significant difference between the punishment clues and neutral clues;the main effect of impulsive personality was significant,and the Ps of high-impulsive individuals were significantly lower than that of low-impulsive individuals;The interaction of impulsive personality and reward/punishment clues was significant,for the high-impulsive individuals,the Ps under the condition of reward clues were significantly lower than that of punishment clues and neutral clues,and there were no significant difference between the punishment clues and neutral clues,but for low-impulsive individuals,the differance of reward/punishment clues were not significant.(2)The RTs under low attentional load condition showed no significant difference in the level of all three variables.(3)For the Ps under high attentional load condition,the main effect of reward/punishment clues were significant,and the Ps under the condition of reward clues were significantly slower than that of punishment and neutral clues,there were no significant difference between the punishment clues and neutral clues,the main effect of impulsive personality was significant,and the Ps of high-impulsive individuals were significantly lower than that of low-impulsive individuals,and the interaction of impulsive personality and reward/punishment clues was not significant.(4)For the RTs under high attentional load condition,the main effect of reward/punishment clues were significant,and the RTs under the condition of punishment clues were significantly higher than that of reward clues,and the RTs under the condition of neutral clues were significantly higher than that of reward clues,and there were no significant difference between the punishment clues and neutral clues;There was no significant difference in the main effect of impulsive personality,and so was the interaction of impulsive personality and reward/punishment clues;In summary,For the high-impulsive individuals,whether attentional load is high or low,they will appear inhibitory deficits,punishment clues can effectively reduce these inhibitory deficits;For the low-impulsive individuals,under the condition of neutral clues,they are the most calm state of reaction,and the stimulation of the reward or punishment clues may lead to the inhibitory deficits. |
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