Social Reward And Punishment Modulate The Trade Off Between Proactive And Reactive Cognitive Control Of Adolescent

The adolescent stage is a special period of human life,with a symbol of high reward sensitivity,unbalanced and the turning point development.Dual system theory and trigonometric model are the main theories to explain the development of adolescents.Reward seeking and punishment avoidance are important motivation factors in shaping human behavior.Researchs have focused on feedback mechanisms for reward and punishment on cognitive tasks,but recent studies have shown that positive and negative feedback may have a separate effect on cognitive control.According to Bravor's The Dual Mechanism Control(DMC)theory which argues that the cognitive control process consists of two modes:proactive control and reactive control,which collaborative accomplish cognitive task,but cognitive control process has a different focus on two cognitive control mode in different circumstances.On the one hand,previous studies have demonstrate that the debate on how rewards and punishments affect the cost and benefit of cognitive control of adolescents still exist.On the other hand,social background factors,such as the presence of peers,may greatly increase the sensitivity of the reward,thus affecting the impact of rewards and punishments on cognitive control.In view of the limitations of previous studies,this study mainly discusses the following questions :(1)the impact of social reward clues on cognitive control of adolescents.(2)the impact of social punishment clues on the cognitive control of adolescents.(3)The the influence of social reward and punishment motivation on cognitive control of adolescents.(4)whether the influence of reward and punishment motivation on the cognitive of adolescents is affected by the background information(the presence or absence of peers).In order to answer these questions,the prescent study conduct the reward and punishment version of AX-Continues Performance Task(AX-CPT),and untilize the thumb as the social reward or punishment information clues according to the characteristics of adolescent.Study 1,in the social incentive condition,the participant is given a thumbs-up feedback after the quick and right completion of the AX-Continues Performance Task,but if the reaction is wrong and no feedback is given.In the social punishment incentive condition,the participant is given no feedback after the quick and right completion of the AX-Continues Performance Task,but if the reaction is wrong a minus sign thumbs-up feedback is given.Control conditions with correct and incorrect feedback.Study 2,we manipulate the background factors of reward and punishment(the presence or absence of peers)to investigate the effect of reward and punishment motivation on cognitive control balance.Result:study1,compared with no reward condition,reward and punishment clues can modulated the trade-off between proactive and reactive control and lead to a preference toward proactive control(characterized by AY error rate increase),and the effect of proactive control bias is global(compared with the baseline,AY error rate in reward and punishment conditions without reward or punishment is also increasing).However,the comparison on the AY error rate difference on the condition of rewards and punishments clues were not significant,it hints,reward and punishment condition have a similar effect on cognitive control,there might be no obvious difference of the role of nature in cues.Study 2,compared with the alone measured conditions,we manipulated the rewards and punishments background effect(the presence of peers),and compared with no reward or punishment condition,reward and punishment clues can also modulated the trade-off between proactive and reactive control and lead to a preference toward proactive control(characterized by AY error rate increase),and the effect of proactive control bias is global(compared with the baseline,AY error rate in reward and punishment conditions without reward or punishment is also increasing)...