Research On Game Experiments Of Fairness Preference

The traditional “ Economic man ” hypothesis is that the individual is rational and with pure self-interest preference. However, recently, a lot of game experiments indicate that the individual has the fairness preference and other social preferences, and these kinds of preference will significantly affect the decision-making behavior of people. This study uses the number of money which individual actually allocated to define fairness preference, and the number of money which individual expectedly allocated to define expectation fairness.Experimental conditions are set by the dictator game, the ultimatum game, and the third party punishment game. We use 2*3 mixed experimental design, and select three groups(group of senior high school. University groups, working groups, 90 people in each group) whose cognitive level is quite same to separate individual differences, and discuss the behavior motivation and psychological mechanism of individual's actual money allocation in different dominance status and punishment situations. At the same time, this study measures the individual's fairness perception through questionnaire survey to discuss the moderating effect of fairness perception in influencing the fairness preference. Finally, through the analysis of the interviews, the individual psychological process in different game experiments is analyzed.According to the data, there are following conclusions:(1) Fairness preference and individual expectation fairness is significantly different. In no punishment situation, the fairness preference is less than expectation fairness; while in the third party punishment situation, the fairness preference of dominated people are more than their expectation fairness, while governed people are opposite.(2) The main effect of the dominance status is not significant, but the simple main effect of the dominance status in the direct punishment situation and the third party punishment situation is significant.(3) The main effect of the punishment situation is significant, and the individual fairness preference in the different punishment situation has significant difference.(4) The dominance status and the punishment situation have significant interaction effect on the impact of fairness preference. Under the situation of no punishment, direct punishment and third party punishment, the dominant group and the recipient group have reached significant difference to each other.(5) The fairness preferences of different types of subjects are different in different experimental situations. High school subjects are more restrictive by the punishment situation,and the fairness preference in direct punishment situation is greater than the third party punishment situation; university group in different dominance status showed significant difference, but in the situation of direct punishment, dominant group and recipient group do not reach significant difference; working group's fairness preference is lowest and university group fairness preference is highest.(6) Fairness perception and fairness preference are positively correlated, and in different experimental situations, the fairness perception played a positive role of moderating effect between the dominance status,the punishment situation,their interaction and the fairness preference.