The Research On Nietzsche's Hermeneutics Of Nihilism

Protestant exegesis-general hermeneutics?Schleiermacher-experiential hermeneutics?Dilthey's experience hermeneutics ?Heidegger's dasein hermeneutics and Hans-georg gadamer's Language hermeneutics: this is the history process of mainstream hermeneutics described by scholars.Most of them happened in Germany.After 1960 s,hermeneutics has been internationalized gradually and has been divided to philosophical pattern of different directions.To understand the complicated development situation of hermeneutics since modern times,Nietzsche is an excellent example.His hermeneutic thought gathers germination of various kinds of hermeneutic thought.As the ancestor of postmodern philosophy,hermeneutics of Nietzsche has been discussed the least.Part of the reason is that hermeneutics has mainstream pedigree and it is still a controversial issue in academic field for various new philosophical hermeneutics,hermeneutics of deconstruction and hermeneutics of new pragmatism.There are also some scholars who believe that these hermeneutics are only some phenomena of development turn of hermeneutics,which can't become a category of hermeneutics.This does not mean that the hermeneutics thought of Nietzsche and its influence is not established.On the contrary,the hermeneutics thought of Nietzsche develops increasingly distinctive with the development of hermeneutics.At present,the attention of academic field for the Nietzsche's hermeneutics thought is not enough and there are few research results,which need to be studied and explored deeply,so that it can highlight the hermeneutics thought of Nietzsche and the possibility of enriching the thought.This paper aims to explore and highlight the hermeneutics thought of Nietzsche deeply,which has been put in the whole development history of western hermeneutics and has been investigated by combining the strong ideological content of Nietzsche.It offers an objective and realistic positioning for hermeneutics thought of Nietzsche.Former researches on hermeneutics thought of Nietzsche focus on more general center of philosophy or life etc all the time and do not attain a title which can summarize its basic thought characteristics.This paper takes basic characteristics ofhermeneutics thought of Nietzsche as the basis and summarizes it as “Nihilism Hermeneutics”.“Nihilism” is not only a theme that runs through the life-time reflection of Nietzsche,but also the critical approach and final destination adopted by the thought.Based on this,this paper discusses “Nihilism Hermeneutics” of Nietzsche in four chapters.The first chapter reveals the relationship between nihilism and hermeneutics from metaphysical “Death of God” and lists the rationality of taking “nihilism” as the core of Nietzsche's hermeneutics.The most influencing proposition left by Nietzsche in the history of thought is “the god is dead”.“God is dead” concentrates the essence of thought of Nietzsche,where we can find that Nietzsche has discovered the deepest crisis of Europe at that moment-nihilism.As the incarnation and terminator of nihilism,in the practical experience of European nihilism history movement,Nietzsche has diagnosed the phenomenon of nihilism as the “self depreciation with the highest value”.He proposed to divide nihilism into positive and negative and then use positive nihilism to come over the negative and decadent tendency of nihilism.This kind of “positive nihilism” “allows” new world explanation which is good for life and warns people to create the world through explanations.Therefore,it has become the clew of Nietzsche's hermeneutics.The second chapter discusses the methodological basis of Nietzsche's nihilism hermeneutics.Perspectivism is the great weapon of Nietzsche's “theodicy” that there are gods and there is no God and is the symbol of his hermeneutic thought.Perspectivism expresses the strong personality of Nietzsche and accommodates hermeneutic thought of “there is no truth but interpretation”,“there is no fact but interpretation” as well as revaluation etc.Through the analysis of perspectivism,it can present the diversified and differentiated characteristics of nihilism hermeneutic thought as well as the deep care for life and profound reflection on survival.The third chapter summarizes nihilism hermeneutic thought of Nietzsche,which rejoins the thought fragments of Nietzsche at “positive nihilism” and attains new life.Firstly,“Revaluation of All Values” opens the way for explaining seeking power.Nietzsche interrogates the value of dead in traditional alienation by focusing on religion,morality and philosophy,conquers those old concepts and value through measurement and evaluation and then realizes real criticism.Secondly,“historical uses” expand the scope of traditional text,display the extraordinary of relationship between text and history in the thought of Nietzsche and expand traditional writingtexts to society,history and even the life.However,the expansion of text connotation is one of the looms for the generation of philosophical hermeneutics.Finally,it discusses the relationship of interpretation,explanation,distinction of understanding,author,text and reader and concepts of “perspective”,“vision”,“horizon”,“appearance”,“foresight” and “text” of Nietzsche.It confirms that his thought possesses the contents and elements that should be possessed by hermeneutic thought.The fourth chapter discusses the influence of Nietzsche's nihilism hermeneutic thought,which presents the hermeneutic thought of Nietzsche as “Being” dimension of tool and nihilism as “Not-being” dimension of life realm clearly.“Being” and“Not-being” here are utilitarian “useful” and “the use of the useless”.Firstly,it indicates the formation process and ideological characteristics of nihilism hermeneutic system of Nietzsche;secondly,it confirms the important influence of Nietzsche's nihilism hermeneutics on the generation of history of philosophy and history of hermeneutics;finally,it presents the memory access of Nietzsche's nihilism hermeneutics: Nihilism(destroy metaphysics)-Perspectivism(subversion of epistemology)-Revaluation(judge value)-Multiple Explanation(create value)-“Naturalization of Human beings”(overcome nihilism);finally,it reveals that the final purpose of Nietzsche's nihilism hermeneutic thought is the change exploration of the west for nihility from “ being of existence” to “true not-being”.On the basis of studying Nietzsche text,this paper combines research results at all times and in all countries and explores internal unity of hermeneutic thought through summarizing the perspectives of Nietzsche expressed from the aspect of hermeneutics to reach following three objectives:(1)Confirm the existence of Nietzsche's hermeneutic thought as well as its binding with nihilism;(2)Clarify the influence of Nietzsche on the development of hermeneutic and confirm its place in the history of hermeneutics;(3)Display the deep thinking of life truth contained in human spirit in Nietzsche's thought,and make it more harmoniously in the dimension of hermeneutics.