| “Zuo Zhuan” was considered as another important mentality masterpiece about “rites” except “three ritual book”.Many scholars realized early that much discussions in “ZuoZhuan” were characteristic of “rites”,and researched the “rites” of “ZuoZhuan”.However,most of researchers studied specific rites in pre-Qin period according to the content of “ZuoZhuan”,some of them also were aware of the state of “falling of ceremony” during Spring-and-Autumn Period.They thought the feudal princes and ministers’ violation of rites contributed to the consequence.This thesis is totally divided into three chapters.In the first chapter,the connotation and development of rites were elaborated in “ZuoZhuan”.The paper mainly discussed the connotation’s transitions and development of rites from Xia Shang period,Xi Zhou period to Chun Qiu period.The rites are related to ancestral temple and worship ceremony.The rites in Yin Shang period,a habit is a kind of conventional ethics,is a mainly correlation of deity.The Xi Zhou period’s rites are a regulatory framework based on patriarchal clan system.Rites in Chun Qiu period mainly were regard as criterion of national rise and fall,the politica success and failure,highlighting its political significance.In the second chapter,we discussed the people’s understanding of rites in “ZuoZhuan”.From the content,rites mainly involved the rite of sacrificial,funeral,war,marriage and alliance.From the evaluation way,direct ways are dogmatic way of ” polite” and ” impolite”,and indirect ways are as follows: the figures in “ZuoZhuan” express viewpoints,the gentlemen present standpoinst,the comments of spectator on events express opinions and depicting events or scene express viewpoints.No matter which kind of way is profound proved the concept of rites has been deeply rooted in the hearts of the people.In the third chapter,we elucidated the transitions of people’s understanding in “ZuoZhuan”.First of all,the transitions of people’s understanding of the rites were demonstrated from the concept.Secondly,we discussed the transitions of strict hierarchy according to arrogation,discard and variation of rites.At last,based on transitions of understanding,we stated the factors of transitions of rites’ understanding.On the one hand,the transitions of rites’ understanding in “ZuoZhuan” attributed to the development of rites and the execution of criminal law.At that time,people still agree with the rites in Zhou,but it can’t completely meet the needs of the times,the concept of rites diverges from people.On the other hand,people are not satisfied with their current rank order due to downward center of the political power and rising new class forces.They wants to rise to a higher level of ritual,rites in Zhou has reached the edge of collapse. |
