Study On The Pluralist Religious Ecology In Mongol-Yüan China

The Mongols,rising and developing in mongolian plateau,established an eurasian muti-ethnic country,which was considered as a significant role in the world.Among vast land of the Mongol empire,many different ethnic groups and cultural traditions was integrated in Mongol rule,which promoted the extent and range of national communication and amalgamation.Many religious cultural forms diffused in Mongol-Yüan dynasty.Mongols kept the faith of Shamanism on one side,they bring bank the possibility of the transmission and development of Islam,Christianity(Catholicism,Eastern Orthodoxy and Nestorianism)and Judaism in China after “the Mongol invasions and conquests” as well.Meanwhile,the Yüan emperors established the Tibetan Sa-skya sect as imperial belief since Kublai Khan.At the same tine,traditional religions such as Mah?y?na Buddhism,Taoism and both of their branchs achieved the sovereign's validation,so as some of the folk religions and local faith like the Dh?ta sect and the White Cloud csct,the White Lotus sect and Chinese Manichaeism.The authority provode that much free missionary probabilities for these religions.Except cross-regional preaching,the monks,Taoists,priests,D?nishm?nd,Darvish and Juhud all had much privilege in many aspects like taxation,lawsuit,and religious affairs.Besides,the distribution and quantity of the practitioners and the conmmunication between religions reached a new level.Thus,The religious ecology had been becoming compatible with a situation of religious coexistence.“Let the people live with their customs and religious traditions”,which meant treating diverse riligions tolerantly,was utilized by successive mongol rulers,they did not suppress but administrated and encouraged the development of other religions with no difference even worshipped the Sa-skya sect.Therefore,there was no unified ideological religion during Yüan-Dynasty China.Religious tolerant policies not only originated from the diverse ideology,but depended on the particular historical background such as various ethnic groups,different culture,and diverse traditions among vast territory of the whole empire.Put it bluntly,it seemed highly valuable and essential to utilize the elements of religion reasonably to promote a long period of peace and political stability under the situation of such a entirety complicated governance environment.As one of the indispensible compenent of social structures of the Yüan Dynasty,religion made a deep influence in widely domain,which not only reflected on the regional caesaropapism,but on many aspects of the social functions,like installed the specialized religious administration,gave staffs some privilege and plenty of reward by the Mongol sovereign,whose core and eternal requirements was made a stabilized political imperial rule.