Analysis Of Landscape Painting In The Fahai Temple Murals Of Ming Dynasty

Nowadays when writing about the part of landscape painting in many Chinese ancient art history,it is mainly stating the volume of the landscape painter and his works,but rarely refers to the landscape painters who take the wall as the material and their works.I think the first reason is that the difference of the painter's status determines the difference of the influence of their paintings.In the history of Chinese painting,the most famous landscape painters are the court painter and the literati painter,while the mural painters are mainly the group of painters and folk craftsmen who are not high in the court.The second reason is that the difference of the material also determines the different functions and meanings.The volume painting drawing on silk fabric and paper are convenient to carry and storage.So many volumes of works are well-known in the country and even overseas,the value also is improved.Because the volumes of the landscape are not only rich in forms,size of works is also limited,the painter can select the proper form according to the painting content and finish the whole works by themselves.So the works are various in form,and the quality can be guaranteed,which is very important to collectors.On the other hand,murals are drawn in the public area,can not carry and collect,the fate of them are closely linked with the attached building.Once the building is lost,the murals will not exist.And painting murals need very large space,generally inside the building or cave inside the tomb.The painting form depends on the shape of the wall,so the form is very limitted.In the content,landscape painting is often painted as objective view for the human,or used to fill the vacancy,so it can not be regarded as a complete independent landscape painting.The theme and content are also subject to the influence of religious ideas and other factors,the creation possibility of the artist is greatly restricted.Finally,because the mural size is huge,the artist can complete independently,so they need assistants to participate in together to complete and the quality of such works are difficult to protect.So,when we watch the murals,wewill find different levels on the same side of the wall works.For example,in the Yongle Palace,the main wall for audience to watch are painted by skilled painters,but some obscure places,you can see the painting is not accurate that painting by the assistant.Therefore,many of the above reasons can be used as factors to explain why as an important branch of landscape painting the mural painting are rarely written in the book and few researchers have studied on it.In the early 20 th century,with the local mining of ancient buildings and the underground chambers been found,more and more ancient are presented in front of us,the Ming Dynasty murals are the largest in volume and also relatively well preserved.For example,the Ming Dynasty Fahai Temple murals,the temple is a medium-sized royal temple,murals are painted by many court painter with equal painting level.In the Ming Dynasty,orthodox the fourth year,during Fahai Temple was built,the Ming Dynasty palace painting developed parallelly with landscape painting which regards Dai Jin and Wu Wei as the representative.The Ming Dynasty painting conserved continuation of Song Dynasty style,while landscape painting takes in the styleof Ma Yuan and Xia Gui of the Southern Song Dynasty,and Li Cheng and Guo Xi of the Northern Song Dynasty,there is a trend of integration of the north and south.In addition to the superb level of Fahai Temple murals,the size of the murals covers two seven-meter-long scroll compositions is rare to be seen.In technique,it evolves the expression method of Li Tang,Liu Songnian,Ma Yuan and Xia Gui of the Northern Song Dynasty in painting scene and the delicate rich green colors of Zhao Boju and Zhao Bosu of the Northern Song Dynasty.Always the murals and the volume paintings are very different in the drawing method.Most of the surface of murals we could see are rough,and color layer and the base layer walls have cracking and peeling in different degrees.But after more than 400 years,the Ming Dynasty Fahai Temple murals still presents the general volume painting exquisite and smooth texture,there is little wall cracks in it.And the characters,veil,animal hair,blood vessels,transpiration stream,rocks and trees between the clouds are preserved completely.Now the Fahai Temple murals have attracted the attention of scholars,and the discussion and research is focused on the auspicious clouds map and figure painting in the murals.There is no special work and literature to study the landscape from searching literature on the internet and in the library.So,this paper will argue on that Fahai Temple murals can not only behalf the landscape works in the field of mural landscape,but also can represent the continuation of the Song Dynasty style,which arerarely existed,at the same time,they are important image evidence that palace landscape painting works handed down.Therefore,I will research by field investigation and data collection to make up for the lack of literature.