A Study On The Equality Thought Of Rawls’ Theory Of Justice

The advent of "justice theory" has had a huge impact in many fields in the West.It is also the turning point from the freedom to equality in the theme of moral philosophy.In the history of mankind,the ethical sense of equality has always been the moral ideal eternally pursued by human society,but it is very difficult to realize it until now.In a sense,people are born unequal,which creates the inequality of opportunity and inevitably leads to the difference of people in the face of opportunity.Therefore,in this sense,Rawls proposed the principle of the principle of equality in solving the problem of equality,which is the core part of Rawls’ s "justice theory".At the same time,he put forward the concept of "the most disadvantaged person".Its proposition is a powerful weapon of Rawls’ s critique of utilitarian equality.The principle of difference calls for the preference of the "most disadvantaged people" in terms of economic interests for three main reasons.First,there is a need for a society to establish a system of cooperation in which every individual can not be separated from social cooperation.Second,man is the object Everyone has dignity,and the "most disadvantaged" and "most beneficial" deserve moral care.Ethically,the two are equally important,that is,all people,including the "most disadvantaged people," should enjoy human dignity.Third,under "the curtain of ignorance," people are selfish and rational,At the same time,he does not know his own social status.Therefore,if one wants to maximize the benefits,everyone can only be treated fairly and equally.For an individual,he may become a party to any one of the parties,of course,he may also be that "the most disadvantaged." When he concluded the contract,he should stand on the position of all parties in the social cooperative relations or he could only stand on the "most disadvantaged" position in order to protect the interests of the "most disadvantaged persons" and that is,the society can survive,The contract to achieve the necessary conditions.In Justice,Rawls proposes three concepts of equality: one is formal equality,which is the fundamental principle of safeguarding the interests of the most disadvantaged;the other is substantive equality,which is the ideal blueprint for the most disadvantaged;the third Equality of opportunity is an entry point to the interests of the most disadvantaged.There seems to be a paradox here,and the equality of those most disadvantaged groups can not be guaranteed if the equality of forms is adhered to.If substantive equality is adhered to,then the equal rights of those who are the most advantaged must be undermined.From astatic point of view,the two can not have both.From a dynamic perspective,the two have inherent consistency.Because social cooperative relations are a long-term cooperative relationship and process,the principle of difference directly helps the most disadvantaged people.However,it benefits the entire society.Equality in "Justice" broke the shackles of utilitarianism.The dilemma of utilitarianism lies in the fact that it only cares about the realization of the interests of individuals and their related parties and will not care whether the interests of those unrelated to them can be realized.It betrayed the basic principles of social fairness,justice and equality.The equality advocated by Rawls includes the equality of freedom and rights,the equality of rules and the equality of opportunity.All of this shows that Rawls hopes to achieve the right to equal dignity for all,including the most disadvantaged.Dignity is an important aspect of human beings.It consists of two levels,one is the dignity of the basic survival,the other is the spiritual aspirations.Dignity is exactly how such people act as human dignity.It supports and motivates people to strive for progress and is an important foundation for people to realize their dreams.At present,our country is in the transitional period of social development.Correspondingly,profound changes have taken place in the pattern of social interests and social structure.In particular,there have been a series of inequalities and problems in various fields.It is mainly manifested in employment discrimination,education Injustice,disparity between rich and poor and so on.They have profoundly affected the social stability and economic development.It has a bearing on the realization of the great rejuvenation of socialism with Chinese characteristics.In theory and in practice need to be resolved.Rawls’ s equality thought is based on the improvement of the "most disadvantaged" situation and the pursuit of substantive equality.This equal thought has reference value for building a harmonious society and realizing common prosperity in our country.In essence,the principle of wealth distribution of "justice theory" is consistent with the present system of social wealth distribution in China.The former aims at achieving substantive equality and the latter at realizing common prosperity.