The Research Of Liaodong’s Capitulant During The Late Ming And Early Qing Dynasty

In forty-one years of Qianlong(1776),Imperial edicts command the historiogra phers to compiling “The Biography of Turncoats ”.This book included in 125 ministers in the Ming dynasty.One of the most special group was those Liaodong turncoats,they were the largest numbers in it.And they surrendered when The Ming Dynasty still existed.Through the statistics and analysis of Liaodong turncoats,we could found that all of them were military generals and most of their native place were Liaodong.They mainly came from these two systems,one was called Guanning soldiers with Zu dashou as the head,the other one was called the island soldiers with Mao wenlong as the head.In the late of Ming Dynasty,the central government force to Liao Dong was weak.The rule of total conscripts was independence to the rule of Garrison.The corvee and taxation were heavy,the area of land foe militia-troop-stationing is reduced.All kinds of military influential family had been development.Repression of the LiaoDong people had been deeper and deeper oppressed by the Ming Dynasty and different races.Liaodong people wad waved between the Ming Dynasty and the new―rising Qing Dynasty,it is also the important factors which influences the Liao situation over and over again.At first,LiaoDong’ high-ranking military officers guarded to their homeland.But more than decades,most of the high-ranking military officers were surrendered to the Qing Dynasty.Mao Wenlong’s death caused Pi island battles and Qing Dynasty has looked to break into it.At last,the Pi island the high-ranking military officers were surrendered to Qing Dynasty.It was disgusted between Ming Dynasty and Zu Dashou.The war was failed because the lords always impeded in the war everywhere.And the GuanNing military were also surrendered to Qing Dynasty.Thus it can be seen,the groups ’ shape of LiaoDong turncoats was effected by the conflict between parties of Ming Dynasty and the up and down’s heart.The characters of LiaoDong military were very rude and they were easily caused identify with Manchu nobility.They not only known the state of Han nationalities,but also known the characteristics of the Manchu culture,that would added the power of the Qing Dynasty.Therefore it replied on the rule of the early Qing Dynasty.Liao Dong turncoats were the main contributors at Levy penalty and the rule.The rulers of Qing Dynasty gave them a lot of awards.In the fall of Qing Dynasty Liao complied on the basis of the eight banners in the Han army.But as the rule’s stability,the Liao Dong turncoats status became less and less.As the outbreak of the three fall of chaos,the need of national unity and the contradiction between them were deeply shown.From then on,the bounty of Liao Dong position gradually loss.After the Qing Dynasty rule became stability,the ruler began to strengthen the Loyalty-righteousness ideas.Finally,they wrote the Biography of LiaoDong turncoats.Throughout the early stage of the Qing Dynasty rulers,the attitudes to LiaoDong’s turncoats had experienced the process of solicit,doubted and used,and down to move.