The Pragmatic Function Analysis Of �X?+?� And �X?+?� From The Perspective Of Modality

From the perspective of modality,this paper explores the subjective modality of"X?+?"and"X+??",on the basis of which we analyze their pragmatic conditions and expressive functions.We believe that modality is the speaker's subjective view and attitude towards context or presupposition,which focuses on the expression of"state".The subjective modality of"X?+?"expresses the direct negative attitude,as well as the coincidental indirect negative attitude towards context or presupposition.The subjective modality of"X+??"firstly expresses the direct negative attitude,secondly expresses the exaggerated indirect negative attitude towards context or presupposition.These are the innovative opinions of this paper.On the basis of exploring subjective modality,this paper analyzes the pragmatic conditions and expressive functions of"X?+?"and"X+??"in depth.As to"X?+?",from the perspective of sentence patterns,it is mainly used for declarative sentences(not for negative sentences),commonly used in exclamatory sentences and a small amount for interrogative sentences.About the applicable contexts,firstly,when the speaker expresses the direct negative attitude,there usually appears a condition that the speaker holds negative views in the context or the speaker uses"X?+?"to respond to the hearer's questions,which reflects the subjectivity of the interaction.Secondly,when the speaker expresses the coincidental indirect negative attitude,there are two kinds of situations that occur simultaneously in the context,expressing the speaker's subjective attitude that the speaker thinks it clever or unfortunate.As to expressive functions,"X?+?"can be used to express the reminder,urging,confirmation,emphasis,interpretation and so on,which express a subjective negative attitude in the final analysis.When it comes to"X+??",in the sentence patterns,it is generally used for exclamatory sentences and declarative sentences(not for negative sentences).In the applicable contexts,firstly,when the speaker expresses the direct negative attitude,the context usually contains the others'behaviours or views,and the speaker often uses direct or indirect negative expressions before�X+??�.The context will appear existing circumstances which are inconsistent with common sense or self-expectation as well,and the circusmstances generally appears after"X+??".Secondly,when the speaker expresses the exaggerated indirect negative attitude,there will usually appear foreshadowing or corroboration of the nature that the speaker would like to exaggerate,which normally precedes"X+??"or comes after it.When it comes to expressive functions,"X+??"can express the exaggeration,emphasizing,arguing and reminding,which essentially express the subjective negativity of the speaker.This paper also analyzes the subjective process and pragmatic function of"X?+?"and"X+??"from the perspective of grammaticalization,and we point out that this process is from the proposition function to the speech function or interpersonal function,in which the objective meaning is weakened and the subjective sense is strengthened constantly.In addition,in order to serve the practical teaching better,this paper complementally analyzes the definition and usage of"X?+?"and"X+??",their syntactic constraints and the characteristics of"X".Finally,combining with the errors of the Chinese learners,we put forward some teaching suggestions on the basis of the main research questions in this paper.This paper consists of seven chapters.The specific chapters are arranged as follows:Chapter?,Introduction.This chapter mainly introduces the reason,background and current situation of the topic,the significance and value of the research,and the research methods and sources of corpus.It mainly points out that the predecessors'analysis of the pragmatic conditions and functions of"X?+?"and"X+??"is not enough.Therefore,from the new perspective of modality,we discuss the subjective modality of the two patterns,making a further analysis of their pragmatic conditions and functions.Chapter?,the definition and usage of"X?+?"and"X+??".This chapter summarizes the nature and grammatical meanings of the two patterns,and explores the frequency of their daily usage and the distribution of styles.We focus on putting forward three methods of judging the two patterns,which are context,deletion and adverb.Chapter?,the modal meanings of"X?+?"and"X+??".This chapter is the innovation of this article,which introduces the definition and characteristics of modality,and deeply analyzes the subjective modality of the two patterns.As to"X?+?",it expresses the speaker's direct negative attitude or coincidental indirect negative attitude towards context or presupposition.When it comes to"X+??",it expresses the speaker's direct negative attitude or the exaggerated indirect negative attitude towards context or presupposition.Chapter?,the pragmatic conditions and functions of"X?+?"and"X+??".This chapter explores the two patterns'sentence types,applicable contexts,and expressive fuctions.We find that the pragmatic conditions of the two patterns are influenced by the subjective modality,and the functions that the two patterns can express are,in the final analysis,the subjective negative modality of the speaker.Chapter?,the syntactic constraints of"X?+?"and"X+??"and the characteristics of"X".In this chapter,the syntactic constraints of"X?+?"and"X+??"are supplemented.We summarize the types and characteristics of"X".Chapter?,the teaching suggestions of"X?+?"and"X+??".In this chapter,we combine with the errors of Chinese learners and put forward some teaching suggestions based on our main research questions such as modality,pragmatics and function.Chapter VII,Conclusion.This chapter summarizes the main conclusions and innovations of this paper,puts forward the shortcomings of our research,and makes prospects for the future research.