Research On The Promotion Of Tsunzi And Its Significance To The Transformation Of Confucianism During The Warring States And The Qin-Han Period

During the Warring States and the Qin-Han period,profound changes had taken place in society.At the same time,a great revolution also happened in ideological and cultural fields.Confucianism,which was one of the famous schools of the Warring States was transformed gradually under the action of various factors,from “valuing knowledge more than proficiency” to “valuing both knowledge and proficiency”.In the view of “cultural self-consciousness”,Tsunzi was the core character to promote it.His sense of anxiety showed in the reinforcement of the consciousness of people and the pursuit of law and discipline rite.His cultural confidence showed in the identity of great Confucian and the critics of philosophers.Along with the social crisis deepened,Tsunzi's exploration to the way of salvation made the Confucianism step into affairs-managing.In the thought of Tsunzi,the nature of law and ritual was interlinked,which were both the performance of outside undertaking.This method to influence the heart through the external factors embodied the goal of “achieving internal saints by setting external kings”.Tsunzi opened the way of “external kings” of Confucianism by blending history and reality.His ceremonial conventions not only applied to personal accomplishment,but also political rule.Governing the country by etiquette and testimonies was to realize the renaissance of “former kingly way of benevolence”,making the society stability.His accommodation of the internal saints and external kings made the Confucianism practical,then promote the transformation of Confucianism.As the political situation was developing in the same direction,the academic community also had a trend of unification.Tsunzi's experience of Jixia Academy made his academic show master characteristics.Tsunzi reformed the Confucianism through the criticism and inheritance of philosophers.That is,transformation from the “pure Confucian” to the miscellaneous characteristics by colliding and fusing with various theories.This situation began in Tsunzi,after the further strengthening of the scholars in the early Han Dynasty,shaping in the appearance of “Neo-Confucianism” of Dong Zhongshu,which provided a strong foundation for the development of later Confucianism.The unification of politics in the Qin and Han Dynasties provided the conditions for the unification of academics.Confucianism that had experienced a tortuous development finally achieved a dominant position in the middle of the Han Dynasty.The significance of the realization of the transformation of Confucianism under the background of unification had two aspects.At the academic level,the direct impact was the formation of the “Neo-Confucianism” in Han Dynasty,whose miscellaneous and social character made it school of valuing both knowledge and proficiency.This had become a source of academic characteristics of later academic order.At the political level,the realization of the transformation of Confucianism promoted the combination of Confucianism and Legalism,forming the political culture pattern of the Confucian School.The basic paradigm was provided for future generations,which influenced the political practice in China for thousands of years.