The Influence Of Middle School Students Parenting Styles On Depression

Depression is a state of long–term depressed mood,often accompanied by anxiety,sleep disorders and physical discomfort.It is an important indicator to measure adolescent'smental health status.Studying the depressive status of adolescents is helpful for teenagers,parents and educators discovering and intervening in adolescents' abnormal psychological behaviors,and improving their mental health and social adaptability.With the study of the status of depression in adolescents,many factors show the relationship with depression.As the primary place of life for young people,family plays a crucial role in physical and mental development of adolescents.Perfectionism and rumination also have an important impact on adolescent depression.Therefore,this study uses a depression scale suitable for adolescents to examine depression in adolescents and further explores the relationship between parenting styles,perfectionism,rumination and adolescent depression.Therefore,we conduct tests on 587 middle school students in Xuzhou City,Jiangsu Province with SPSS21.0 and AMOS21.0 statistical software to investigate the current situation and the relationship between parenting styles,perfectionism,rumination and depression and examine the mediating role of perfectionism and rumination in the relationship between parenting styles and depression.Results are as follows:(1)There are significant differences in parenting styles among adolescents in terms of gender,grade,and parental education.In terms of gender differences,boys' mothers control scores are significantly higher than girls';in terms of grade differences,mother encourage–independent scores of Junior 2,Senior 1,and Senior 2 students are significantly higher than Junior 1 students'.Father encourage–independent scores of Senior 1 students are significantly higher than Junior 1 and Senor 2 students'.The scores of father control of Senior 2 students are significantly higher than Junior 1 and Junior 2 students'.The higher the level of parental education is,the higher the parental care scores are.(2)Adolescent depression has significant differences in grade and father's education level.In grade level,the scores of physical,activity delays and interpersonal relationship problems of students in Junior 2,Senior 1,and Senior 2 are significantly higher than those of Junior 1 students.Students whose father's education level is that of high school,junior high school and below,have higher scores of physical activity delay and interpersonal relationship problems than that of students whose father's education level is university and above.(3)There are significant correlations among different dimensions of parenting styles,perfectionism,rumination and depression.Specifically,three dimensions of parenting styles are significantly related to depressed mood and lack of positive emotions.Parental care and encouragement of independence are significantly negatively correlated with physical symptoms and interpersonal relationship problems.Positive dimension of perfectionism and symptoms of rumination are significantly negatively correlated,negative perfectionism and rumination's each dimension is significantly positive related.Parental care and encouragement of independence are significantly positively related to positive perfectionism,and significantly negatively related to negative perfectionism.Parental control is significantly negatively correlated with positive perfectionism and positively correlated with negative perfectionism.Parental care and encouragement of independence are significantly negatively correlated with symptoms of rumination.Parental control is significantly positively correlated with symptom reversion.Father control is also associated with forced thinking and reflection.Positive perfectionism is significantly negatively correlated with depressed mood;negative perfectionism is significantly positively associated with four dimensions of depression.Depressed mood,physical symptoms,interpersonal relationship problems and rumination are significantly positively related.(4)Perfectionism and rumination play a multiple mediating role in the relationship between parenting styles and depression.Specifically,mother rearing styles significantly negatively predict negative perfectionism;father rearing styles significantly negatively predict negative perfectionism,rumination and depression.Negative perfectionism and rumination significantly positively predict depression.Mother parenting styles influence depression through the complete mediation of negative perfectionism;father rearing styles can not only directly affect depression,but also indirectly affect depression through partial mediating effects of negative perfectionism and rumination.