| Since the end of the Second World War, foreign aid has emerged as a new phenomenon in the field of International Relation. After more than 60 years, it has become one of the most important issues for the International Community. In Africa, nearly all countries, including Zanzibar, have a connection to foreign aid in one way or another. Most of them receive aids from western countries(USA in particular) and China.The focus of this study was on the aid relationship between donor countries(USA and China) and the recipient side Zanzibar. The study explored the roles of foreign aids from USA and China towards achieving their foreign policies in Zanzibar.The general objective of the study was to give a comparison between USA and Chinese aid to Zanzibar. It intended to analyze on how foreign aid studies can give out the correct information on foreign aid recipient's perceptions, and their participations on the issue. Specifically, the study intended to explore the motives behind both donors' aids to Zanzibar, compare the roles of both donors in areas related to health and remark on each donor's relations with Zanzibar.The study was structured in six chapters.Chapter one gave the introduction. In this chapter, the researcher presented the overview of the study. The chapter was divided in seven main parts.The following is the general structure of each part.The first part was the general background of the study. Here the researcher explained the essence of aid and the distinctive relationship between the two donors and Zanzibar. The researcher also introduced the intention of the study which was to compare how Zanzibar perceives on the aid it receives from the two donors.The second part of the chapter was statement of the problem. Here the researcher gave the research context and explained the research problem which came as a result of Zanzibar's policy of Non Alignment that resulted into relations with a range of bilateral donors; and many scholars concentrate on the political and economic aspects of the relationship towards foreign aid and forget the role of individuals and their perceptions; thus, a need to focus on the perception of Zanzibar towards both Chinese and American aid particularly in health sector.The third part of the chapter addressed the general and specific research objective to be achieved. The main objective of this study was to explore the roles of foreign aids from USA and China towards achieving their foreign policies in Zanzibar.Fourthly were main and specific research questions to be answered. The main question for the study was “Why China's foreign aid towards Zanzibar welcomed by the recipient countries than those from the United States?”The fifth part in chapter one was significance of the study. The researcher named two main importance or contributions of the research. These were to help researchers explore more on the foreign aid to local community and their developments achievements and adding knowledge on the effects of foreign aid and development of recipient of aid including the society.The sixth part gave the methodology describing how the research was carried out in terms of research design, data collection methods, operationalization and the methods of data analysis. The study used a comparative case study analysis, using American and Chinese aids to Zanzibar as studied variables. Moreover, in order to have a detailed assessment of the two donors' relation to Zanzibar, perspectives from various parts of Zanzibar were used as sources of data for the study.The researcher employed sources such as Newspapers, Journals, Government releases and Publications as sources of information for the study. Furthermore, all sources were subjected to the use of qualitative desktop approach, as such; content analysis was employed during analysis.The last part gave a layout of the overall study starting from chapter one to the last chapter.Chapter two gave the theoretical framework. This chapter focused on the literature review of the theoretical argument from secondary sources such as journal, articles and etc. This chapter was divided in four main parts. The following is the general structure of each part.The first part of the chapter looked at the literature review for the study. This part of the study gave the theoretical base of the study explaining the current state of Literature of foreign aid, divided into three fields namely effects of aid, determination of aid and allocation of aid.The second part was a review on theories for the study. This study compared two approaches to aids; realism and liberalism; in explaining recipients' perceptions on the issue. The former entailed exhibition of power and self-interests while the later entailed mutual benefits and cooperation.The third part of the study reviewed empirical studies. Empirical literature was done in this chapter to enable the researcher to construct the conceptual framework of the research.The fourth part was the research gap entailing the intension of the study, which was to analyze on how the foreign aid studies can give out the correct information on foreign aid recipient's perceptions, and their participations on the issue.Chapter three gave an analysis of Chinese Foreign Aid towards Zanzibar. This chapter analyzed the role of Chinese foreign aid towards archiving their foreign policy in Zanzibar. The chapter was divided in three parts. The following is the general structure of each part.Part one of the chapter gave a prelude on China-Zanzibar relations tracing diplomatic ties since 1960 s. Similarly, two approaches were of relations were pointed out i.e. China-Zanzibar relationship within the united republic of Tanzania and Bilateral China-Zanzibar relationship.The second part entailed Chinese foreign aid on health. The part covered a trend of all Chinese health aid policies including Maoist health aid policy, 1963-1978, Foreign aid(health) policy in transition, 1978-1995 and Comprehensive foreign aid reforms 1999 to present.The third part entailed the role of Foreign Aid towards achieving Chinese Foreign Policy in Zanzibar. As far as the motives behind SINO-Zanzibar relations are concerned, perceptions from Zanzibar's identified motives such as promotion of Chinese medical care while providing medical assistance, promotion of Chinese diplomacy which is its base of international support, promotion Chinese investment in Zanzibar with characteristics of “non- conditional” foreign aid and transfer of technology, promotion the spirit of Chinese internationalism “carrying forward the spirit of Bethune” whereby Chinese doctors took very little salary, but they always worked hard to fully serve the local people and won a good reputation.Chapter four gave an analysis of USA Foreign Aid towards Zanzibar. This chapter analyzed the role of USA foreign aid towards archiving their foreign policy in Zanzibar. The chapter was divided in three parts. The following is the general structure of each part.The first part presented a prelude of USA-Zanzibar diplomacy explaining that United States has the oldest relationship with Zanzibar, which began in 1837 with the arrival of the first American Consul to Zanzibar. Moreover the researcher explained two categories of USA foreign aid to Zanzibar i.e. General foreign aid targeting the Union Government of Tanzania and specific US cooperation with the Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar.The second part explained the background of US foreign aid and the role of the cold war that significantly shaped its foreign aid policy. Here the researcher explained post cold war era of foreign aid policy since some scholars argue that without the Cold war, America would have significantly terminated its foreign aid at the end of Marshal Plan.The third part presented the motives behind US foreign aid to Zanzibar. Unlike China, the study found out that the main interest of USA is to express its power and position. The study came up with foreign aid motives including strengthening of security, excelling power/influence, capturing of commercial interests and promotion of democracy in Zanzibar and humanitarianism.Chapter five compared between Chinese and USA Foreign aid to Zanzibar. The chapter was structured in only one part discussing similarities and differences between the two nations' aids to Zanzibar. As a general reflection from all the paragraphs, both volume and motives of aids from the two countries were put into perspectives. As far as all the paragraphs within the chapter are concerned, when comparing the two donors aids to Zanzibar, perceptions suggested that the two donors are different in terms of; fund amount, aid targets(priorities), coordination of the aid and conditions tied to them. Results entail that USA relies on both international and local NGO's to implement its projects, while China aid to Zanzibar is of bilateral terms between the two governments. This however has shown that Chinese aid serves a wider purpose than the West has expected. Similarly, perceptions from Zanzibar people have shown that Chinese Medical Team(CMT's) recognized for their hard work and commitment compared to the American Community Health Care Workers(CHW's) in Zanzibar. Chinese Medical Teams are respected, both for their professional expertise and personal reliability.Chapter six was the conclusion of the study. The chapter concluded the overall findings and provided the recommendations of the present research. The chapter provided three paragraphs, which gave an overall remark from the study.In general, while China's aid to Zanzibar is not different to that from the west, it is effective because it treats recipient countries as equal partners. The study shows that Chinese foreign aid allows knowledge and technology transfer, while the USA health aid is mostly based in funding projects. Therefore, in achieving a country's foreign policy, a liberal and ideal approach is most suitable while establishing countries aid relations because as suggested from the study, unlike USA health aid to Zanzibar, Chinese health aid to Zanzibar is based on mutual cooperation. |
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