| Foreign aid is the emergence of a new phenomenon after the Second World War in international relations. Foreign aid is the issue of economics, but also a political science field, it is an important part of national diplomacy which will help countries establish a good international image in the international community, but also promote national economic development in a way. China is also active in foreign aid policy, this paper take a comparative analysis of the situation of foreign aid in Japan , South Korea and China's foreign aid to provide valuable advice.The phenomenon of foreign aid is not only political but also economic. Therefore, the theory of aid system is divided into development economics and international politics two theories factions. Specifically, economic theory is about how the major countries encourage economic development by diplomatic; attachment theory is that the developed countries and developed countries need to de-link, and set up their own industrialization and internal political and economic reforms; international relations theory believe that the impact of foreign aid is one kind of political tool from donor countries, the international political economy generated from traditional international relations theory; comparative political theory from the perspective of recipient countries concerned about the motivation of the recipient countries receiving assistance and the role of foreign aid in domestic political, social and economic development. Chinese scholars have begun to research on theory of foreign aid and study the situation of China's foreign aid.The second chapter introduces the concept of foreign aid, foreign aid form and the current world situation. The concept of foreign aid by DAC is defined by the general government development assistance, ODA that official development assistance, Official Development Assistance of the abbreviations, is refer to official institutions (including central and local government and its implementing agencies) of developed countries to promote the economies of developing countries'level and improvement of welfare in developing countries or to provide grants multilateral institutions, or gifts composition of not less than 25% of lending. There is a different classification from different view of foreign aid in the form of different points. From the view of source of fund foreign aid can be divided into official development assistance, other intergovernmental aid and non-government assistance. Foreign aid from the way of donors, there are three main points: First, free gift of funds or goods, including non-reimbursable financial assistance and free technical assistance; Second, interest-free loans or preferential low-interest loans; Third, project assistance and planning loans. According to the basic objective of foreign aid, it can be divided into different forms: free assistance or paid assistance; unconditional aid assistance or restrictive. According to their means of foreign aid ,it can be divided into bilateral direct assistance and multilateral indirect assistance.Scholars have widely divergent views on Motivation for foreign aid issues. This paper will assist the purpose of it fall into three categories in general: First, political motives, to serve the security interests of donor countries; Second, the economic motive, the service aid economy goals; Third, humanitarian motives to help free of charge by assistance to the country's economic and social development, and addressing environmental, disease, food and other global issues. Currently from the point of the size of foreign aid from, looking at the past three years from 2006-2008 in the amount of assistance, the United States, Germany, the UK country separated the top three, and the top 10 DAC donors'countries takes 85% of the amount of total DAC. From the point of view of region, African region in 2006 received official development assistance accounted for 41% of the world, while Asia declined to 32%.The status in 2008 is in line with 2006. Since the 90s in 20th century, the focus of official development aid policy area is transferred from Asia to Africa. Judging from the aid sector, the proportion of social and public infrastructure accounted for 40%, 18% of the economic infrastructure during 2007-2008.Chapter 3 makes the comparison of Japan, South Korea and China in the targets of foreign aid assistance, aid management system, the regional distribution of aid and aid effectiveness analysis. Japan's foreign aid policy targets are different in different time, but mainly rely on the status of Japan's economic power the purpose of trying to achieve political power, and through national economic development to get resources required to promote economic development. The aim of South Korea's foreign aid is to protect national security. The purpose of China's foreign aid policy is to help recipient countries achieve economic development purpose and will not interfere with its internal affairs and respect the recipient Government and the people to choose their own political system, economic model, and social development while, of course there is a certain political objectives, the more countries want international recognition, economic development for her country's purpose is not obvious, this is also urgently needed to improve. Although Japan's foreign aid management system has its own shortcomings, they have formed a relatively complete system of foreign aid management, the necessary organizational structure, departments targeted, and also foreign aid legislation. Regional distribution area of foreign aid was selected highlights of their economic cooperation and economic security purposes. China's foreign aid regional focus on Asia and Africa Third World countries, the purpose of this and consistent with our foreign aid, that Third World countries to promote national independence and economic development, the establishment of a new international order. China's foreign aid regional focus on Asia and Africa, Third World countries, but also it fully embodies China's economic development, protection of national security and to achieve the goal of a new international order. From the effect of ODA, the ODA / GNP of Japan and South Korea did not meet United Nations standards, gift indices in Japan and South Korea are relatively low, less than the minimum standard of DAC 86%, the ratios of aid to the undeveloped countries is also lower than other DAC members .Finally, the passage sums up the experience of the Japanese theory of foreign aid, decision-making, strategic planning and NGO and South Korea in the rapid increase of foreign aid in 90s, the writer analyze foreign aid the lack of theory guidance, the rule of law slow process, assistance in the economic strategy needs to be strengthened, weak multi-aid assistance and the NGO's lack of problem in China, the writer promote we should improve the concept of foreign aid to the times, strengthened the research of theory, strong the legal system'construction and strengthen multi-assistance and take the role of governmental organizations in foreign aid.Due to the comparison in foreign aid policy development and external aid among China, Japan and South Korea's, we can see that Japan's foreign aid have the objective point of view of political and economic mixed, though they have focused on different purpose in different periods, but the Japanese use of economic nation status for access to the political of the major powers of the dream has always continues and Japan gets resources and energy security through foreign aid. South Korea's foreign aid started late, but it's growing faster, on the one hand foreign aid reflects its responsibility as a former recipient, also reflects the foreign aid playing its important role in promoting national economy. Comparing to Japan's Foreign Aid in the legislative and institutional ,there is so much weakness in China,we should actively speed up the legislative process of foreign aid, and improving the management system of foreign aid, better economic effects of foreign aid will play in the international to set up a the image of responsible power for China.
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