Freedom And Democracy-Spinoza's Thought On Freedom And His Political Expression

Among the many thinkers of modern Western political philosophy revolution,Spinoza personally experienced and witnessed the complex "theological political" conflict in the early modern society of Western Europe.His philosophical thinking revolves around "the ological political problems".As a republican thinker,Spinoza firmly supports the democratic republic,against the restoration of the monarchy.In his view,there is only one entity in the world,that is God-God is nature.God doesn't have any "purpose" or intention,and it strictly obeys the natural law of cause and effect-"the universality of nature".Through the argument of the monism of the entity,Spinoza shaped a new relationship between man and nature(God),which laid the foundation of his view of man's freedom.Spinoza wrote and published "Theological Politics" has a complex background of theological controversy.His view of the relationship between "God and man" is doomed to the satisfaction of free willists and congregation.At first,he denies the free will of man,and secondly he affirms that man has the ability to use reason to make himself more free,they are dialectical.Freedom and initiative are closely linked,freedom and virtue are inseparable,freedom and reason are closely linked.Only the most rational guidance of the people is the most fully grasp their own rights,is the most free people.To achieve the true freedom of man,but also need to be rational and faith harmony.Spinoza believes that the purpose of the state is to achieve the freedom of citizens.To this end,he through the interpretation of the "Bible" to carry out religious criticism,to force the separation of reason and the need for faith.Religion can not override the secular political power,but should obey the state and the law.As a neutral,the state protects citizens from the philosophy of freedom and freedom of religious belief.From a political point of view,democracy has more superiority than monarchy and aristocratic regimes.It is the most natural regime,but also the best regime.The democratic system can more fully tolerate and resolve the social conflicts caused by the differences of faith,maintain the freedom of thought and freedom of citizens and cultivate the rationality of citizens.In dealing with the issue of"theocracy",the democratic system has successfully resolved the long-term tensions between the religious spiritual power and the political power of the world,and gradually occupied the dominant position in the Western world.This paper begins with Spinoza's world view,discusses the importance of entity monism,and then explores the main connotation and characteristics of Spinoza's view of freedom.From the interpretation of "theological theory of politics" and "political theory",I have Analyze the background of the synopticism of Spinoza and the complex interweaving of political struggles,and his tireless efforts to oppose the union of Calvinism and the Oroen.This study argues that "human freedom" is the core foundation of Spinoza's philosophical thought,while democratic theory is the political expression of Spinoza's free thought,In the present world which is facing many complex challenges,Spinoza freedom and democracy theory still contains profound significance.To maintain the freedom of the individual,we need for democratic participation of citizens,the state itself should continue to promote the process of democratization in order to better protect the people's sovereignty is not violated.At the same time we should also see that Spinoza's theory also has some problems that can not be solved,such as the question of citizens' obedience,the conflict between state power and personal freedom,and the overall passion of human beings.Understanding and Having Research Spinoza is important for us to think about the challenges of Liberalism we face now,but it is necessary to properly deal with these risks and challenges,and we need the wisdom of the teachers and students of the academic community to brainstorm and contribute.