Jiaqing And Daoguang Times Of Qing Dynasty Study Of Relief In The Ethnic Areas In Guizhou

During the period of Jiaqing and Daoguang in Qing Dynasty with the fast development of social economy and commodity economy,an increasing number of migrants and refugees from the inland areas were flowing into Guizhou.The activities of agricultural reclamation had extended beyond plain area to the mountainous area and semi-mountainous area.Due to the booming development of commodity trade and mining industry,the social economy in Guizhou was experiencing the rapid growth.However,under the influence of the declining dynasty,war and social unrest,Guizhou was also faced with many problems,such as the worsening social conflict,serious annexation of land,frequent occurrence of natural disasters and growing disadvantaged group.Hence,it has a significant influence on the social development of Guizhou in many respects.This paper is devoted to analyzing the relief and aid for those people suffering from natural disaster and man-caused calamity.The relief should be given to the disadvantaged group,including the orphans,widows,the elderly,the weak and the poor in Guizhou.The government of Qing Dynasty had also set up the organization to deal with this problem.This paper will make an analysis of the relief efforts in Guizhou during the period of Jiaqing and Daoguang.The influence of relief efforts and the forming of social-relief organization on the local society in Guizhou will be also analyzed.It is hoped that this paper can provide some inspiration for the improvement of social security system in modern China.This paper consists of 4 parts.The first chapter will discuss the social condition,social problems and their influence on Guizhou during the period of Jiaqing and Daoguang.The social condition has included the population growth,economic development and serious annexation of land.The social problems are mainly concerned with the frequentoccurrence of natural disasters and the increasing disadvantaged group.The influence of those problems on the local society will be analyzed from the perspective of social production,soaring price,social stability and national conflict.In addition,the reason for the occurrence of natural disaster and disadvantaged group will be discussed accordingly.The second chapter,which discusses the key,highlight the "relief" in the "relief",that is,the disaster relief.Tells the story of the disaster relief measure,storage establishment,relief food and sources of funding.Relief of measures main from feudal rulers issued of Oracle makes angle starting,according to relief of different stage take of first relief,and big relief and Jiazhen,way,and tells has Juan ease encourages trafficking and borrowing this several measures;warehouse of established main from often flat warehouse,and charitable granaries and social warehouse established of background and the on relief of function,and briefly has warehouse system of decline;relief food main is various warehouse and the offsite allocated and purchase food of way get relief food,funds of source main is clean silver and donated na silver.Through the introduction of this chapter,so that our disaster relief activities in the Daoguang period of Qing dynasty in Guizhou ethnic areas there is a clear understanding.The third chapter,highlighting the "relief" in the "Chai" the relief.About the "Chai" the main object and the setting up of institutions,namely: designed especially for orphans and young Hall,a widow for Shang Jietang,designed for the elderly and poor relief homes,and the characteristics of the social assistance agency and constraint.Through the establishment of these institutions cause,remedy,source of funds and internal management of the content of the object,explains the Qing government relief and focus on vulnerable groups.Characteristics of social relief agencies primarily to private relief,the extensiveness of the relief agencies,relief from "keep" to "teach" the transformation of the relief mission is mainly to promote the cultural values of Orthodox,the ultimate goal of education is the feudal rulers.The constraints are mainly the financial capabilities of the Government and Government officials.Fourth chapter,discusses has relief activities on Guizhou social of effect and revelation,its effect relief effect of factors revenue of amount,and officials whether solid do relief,and warehouse of abundance,and traffic transport inconvenience,factors;relief made of active effect as long as is save victims life,and maintenance has social reproduction of for,and ease has ruling class and ruled of contradictions,and maintenance has social of stable;relief activities of features is ruling class of height attention,and relief measures institutionalized,and relief funds spending huge,and legislation strictly,Clear rewards and punishments,the limited level of relief.Enlightenment on the modern society to get relief into the legal track,fully mobilize the enthusiasm of the civil,focused on economic instruments,carry out relief,strengthening oversight of disaster relief and management,for relief agencies in the management and orderly development of society to provide system security.Through study of the Jiaqing and Daoguang period relief activities in Guizhou ethnic areas,provides insight in the social environment,the advantages and disadvantages of the Qing Government implemented relief activities for today our relief and social security work has a certain significance.