State Governance Thoughts Of Pre-qin Legalists And Their Contemporary Implications

At present,China is in the process of deepening reform.The construction of national governance system and the promotion of national governance capacity are imperative.However,it is very difficult to draw lessons from western experience because it is not adaptable to China's unique conditions.Therefore,how to better realize the national governance and take the governance road which is most suitable to Chinese characteristics are the difficult problems of the reform and development which China is now faced with.General Secretary Xi pointed out: China's traditional culture contains profound ideological resources and represents the national unique spiritual identity.Ignoring the Chinese tradition and blindly accepting the western culture means that our own spiritual pillar is taken away.In the pre-Qin period,the legalist school advocated the ideas of "governing the country by law”,“making the country rich and its military force efficient”and “making legislation then for the matter ",which have some similarities with China's national governance policies today.This thesis starts with this.On the basis of previous research results,the relevant thoughts of the pre-Qin legalist national governance are elaborated systematically,and their shortcomings and limitations are also analyzed thoroughly,which aims at providing reference and implication for China's current national governance.The thesis is divided into five chapters.The first chapter is about the definition and differences of the ancient and modern national governance.And then the research situations and contents at home and abroad are described.The second chapter mainly discusses the background,formation and development of the pre-Qin legalist school.The "law" seed began from “out of the ceremony is not,that is,the law in the ceremony”,to “ the punishment of the ceremony,the enlightenment of the ceremony" of the ‘law' germination”.The major changes in social structure,the rise of private education,the fierce competition between states and a series of political reforms resulted in the legalist school.And then Guan Zhong,Li Kui,Shang Yang,Qi,Han Fei and other generations of legalist thinkers constantly inherited and improved it,which finally established the complete thoughts system of national governance.The third chapter is the implementation of the related theory of national governance in pre-Qin period.The theoretical basis of legalist school's governance ideology: theory of human nature,concept of historical development and pragmatic view,is analyzed in detail.The basic ideas of pre-Qing legalist national governance: building up of cultivation and military might,reward for good and impunity for violence,governing the country by law,formulating policies and regulations,and relying on the sovereign status and power to rule the country,are elaborated carefully.The fourth chapter is the review of the legalist theory of governance.It discusses the historical significance and application situation in the past dynasties,and summarizes its strengths which are beneficial to the national governance and its limitations in times.The fifth chapter explores the contemporary enlightenments from the thoughts of the pre-Qin legalist national governance.Based on the legalist views of human nature,rule of law,officialdom thoughts,and building up of cultivation and military might,their essence is absorbed to provide theoretical and practical support for the contemporary state governance.